In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that Streptococcus b haemolyticus infection is closely associated with the development of reactive arthritis. In addition to reactive arthritis due to intestinal and genitourinary tract infections, beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection is another common cause of reactive arthritis. In a 2001 survey of pediatric rheumatologists, cardiologists and infectious disease specialists at 16 Canadian university hospitals, Birdi et al. found that these physicians differed in their diagnostic criteria, treatment and application of preventive measures for post-streptococcal reactive arthritis. Some children diagnosed with post-streptococcal reactive arthritis develop cardiac inflammation several months later, and many of those diagnosed with atypical rheumatic fever actually have post-streptococcal reactive arthritis. Recently, Kocak et al. diagnosed post-streptococcal reactive arthritis (PSReA) as arthritis/arthralgia after Streptococcus b haemolyticus infection that did not meet the revised Jones criteria for rheumatic fever. Clinically, in addition to arthritis, these patients may also present with skin erythema, tendon telangiectasia, and orchitis. Some studies suggest that approximately 6% of patients with post-streptococcal reactive arthritis may develop cardiac inflammation during the course of the disease. It is generally accepted that prophylactic antibiotic therapy should still be given to these patients with post-streptococcal reactive arthritis to avoid further joint damage from streptococcal infection or the development of cardiac inflammation.