1.The application of ozone in the treatment of herniated disc The mechanism of ozone treatment for herniated disc can be summarized as follows: oxidation of proteoglycan and enhancement of glycolysis. After ozone is injected into the nucleus pulposus, it can directly oxidize the proteoglycan complex, while ozone combines with water in the nucleus pulposus to generate reactive oxygen species, which can destroy the double bonds of amino acids and CH groups in the proteoglycan complex. It destroys myeloid cells and fibrosis of myeloid stroma. Ozone disrupts unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and other functional protein groups in cell membranes, thereby altering cell membrane permeability. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ozone include: stimulating the release of cytokines and immunosuppressive factors that antagonize the inflammatory response; stimulating the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes to neutralize the excess ROS in the inflammatory response; stimulating the release of NO and PDGF from the endothelium to cause vasodilation, thereby promoting the absorption of inflammation; inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and inhibiting the release of bradykinin and pain complexes. Experts believe that the analgesic mechanism of ozone works by inhibiting the unmyelinated damage system and by stimulating inhibitory interneurons and releasing enkephalins. 2.The application of ozone in osteoarthritis The current treatment of osteoarthritis aims to relieve symptoms, improve joint function, avoid or reduce deformity, reduce the risk of progression and facilitate the repair of damaged joints. Experimental studies have shown that ozone can stimulate the overexpression of oxidative enzymes, neutralize the overproduction of reactive oxidative products in the inflammatory response, antagonize the release of cytokines or inhibit the release of cytokines in the inflammatory response, stimulate the release of NO and PDGF from vascular endothelial cells to cause vasodilation and improve reflux, thus achieving the effect of promoting inflammation absorption. At the same time, ozone can act directly on nerve endings and stimulate inhibitory intermediate neurons to release brain peptides and other substances to achieve analgesic effects. Secondly, by changing the internal environment of the joint cavity, ozone promotes the repair and regeneration of joint cartilage and slows down the rate of joint degeneration. “In clinical application, it has been reported that ozone was compared with sodium ambienate to observe the efficacy of both in the treatment of osteoarthritis, and the results showed that the differences in joint pain relief and functional recovery in the second and third months after treatment were statistically significant, and the effect of ozone treatment was better than that of sodium vitrate, and no significant adverse reactions and side effects were seen. It mainly treats knee synovitis, bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, degenerative diseases of femoral joints and other diseases. 3.Ozone in soft tissue diseases The application of ozone in soft tissue diseases such as lumbar muscle strain and frozen shoulder is mainly based on symptomatic treatment and improvement of function clinically, with local injection of ozone into the lesion to improve the discomfort symptoms by using the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of ozone. The aim of treatment of pear-shaped muscle syndrome is to relieve the congestion, edema, spasm and hypertrophy of the pear-shaped muscle in a series of acute and chronic aseptic inflammatory process, and release its stimulation and compression of the sciatic nerve, using ozone treatment of aseptic inflammation, not only can quickly relieve pain, but also in reducing tissue congestion, promote edema dissipation, and improve the function of significant effect. In clinical applications, ozone in excess will increase oxidative stress and lead to cell death, and trace amounts of ozone will not be sufficient to produce clinical therapeutic effects, so the appropriate dose of ozone is the key in clinical applications. Different tissues have different tolerance to ozone, so different concentrations of ozone are used to treat different areas and different diseases, so that no oxidative damage is produced and the purpose of curing the disease can be achieved. Indications for ozone local injection therapy: lumbar muscle strain, frozen shoulder, pear-shaped muscle syndrome. In recent years, ozone therapy has become an increasingly widely used treatment method in clinical practice. This non-mainstream medical treatment method can replace the main methods for which the dosage of pharmaceutical agents is limited and various pathological conditions are not suitable for conventional treatment, and it helps to stabilize the disrupted self-regulatory balance, improve the functional state of various organs and systems, and activate the body’s self-protection ability. In particular, the role of ozone therapy in the treatment of pain is receiving increasing attention from the medical community. The application of ozone therapy is very common in foreign countries, and in recent years it has been widely used in China with good clinical results.