We often encounter this problem in gynecology clinics. Patients are very nervous about the presence of “ovarian cysts” on ultrasound, some of them request surgery for this reason, some even have their ovaries removed, and some think they have cancer. “Do ovarian cysts need to be treated surgically? Here is an analysis and discussion. ”Ovarian cysts can be divided into two types: non-redundant cysts and redundant cysts. The former are normal physiological changes of the ovaries and do not require treatment; the latter are pathological conditions and require surgery. In fertile women, the ovaries mature and the follicles produce cyclic changes, which in turn cause the endometrium to shed blood periodically and form menstruation. Normally, the ovaries develop one follicle per month to mature and ovulate. During the first half of menstruation, the follicles develop – the follicular phase. Due to the large amount of estrogen in the follicles during the follicular phase, the endometrium is promoted to proliferate and thicken – the endometrial proliferation phase. After the follicle matures and ovulates, it enters the second half of the menstrual cycle – the luteal phase. During this period, the ovulatory hole closes and the follicle develops to form the corpus luteum, which can produce large amounts of estrogen and progesterone, which further proliferate the glands of the endometrium, and the glands of the endometrium secrete some substances into the uterine cavity, and the endometrium is loose and rich in The endometrium is loose and nutritious, which facilitates the implantation of fertilized eggs in the uterine body cavity. If conception does not occur, the ovarian corpus luteum atrophies and its secretory function declines, and the support of luteinizing hormone to the endometrium retreats, which can lead to necrosis, shedding and bleeding of the endometrium and the formation of menstruation. In the follicular and luteal phases, if follicles are overgrown, ovarian cysts can be formed, namely ovarian follicular cysts and ovarian corpus luteum cysts, which are physiological changes of the ovary and are called ovarian non-redundant cysts or ovarian tumor-like lesions. These are physiological changes of the ovaries and are called non-redundant ovarian cysts or ovarian neoplasia. Non-redundant ovarian cysts are mostly unilateral, thin-walled and small in size; in case of pregnancy corpus luteum cysts, they can sometimes be large in size. If CA125, CA199, CEA and other tumor markers are not abnormally elevated, they can generally be observed for 2-3 months to become smaller or disappear, and should never be operated on hastily. If the ovarian cyst lump persists or increases in size, or has substantial changes, or is accompanied by abnormal elevation of tumor markers, etc., there is a higher possibility of ovarian tumor, which should be further examined and treated, and if necessary, surgically treated. Therefore, once ovarian cysts are detected, there is no need to panic and a comprehensive analysis should be made before deciding how to treat them.