The cause of Madrone’s disease is unknown and may be related to mutations in mitochondrial genes or there may be a genetic component. Patients should actively seek medical attention. Madrone’s disease, also known as benign symmetric lipomatosis, is a rare disorder of fat metabolism, mainly manifested by diffuse fat deposition in the upper part of the body, especially painless fat masses symmetrically distributed in the neck, occipital region, cervical neck, shoulder, submandibular region, suprasternal fossa, supraclavicular fossa, similar to tumor lesions, which often lead to deformities of the neck and limitation of activities. Patients are often comorbid with many medical diseases, such as chronic alcoholic liver disease, decreased glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, anemia, hypothyroidism, and endocrine tumors. Patients often consult the doctor because of neck deformity, restricted movement, and respiratory distress due to compression of the trachea. The pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear, and studies have shown that it may be related to mitochondrial gene mutations, which may be associated with autosomal dominant inheritance. There is no effective cure. Surgical removal of fat can improve the appearance and reduce symptoms. Various concomitant diseases should be actively treated after surgery. Patients who suffer from this disease should actively seek medical treatment and standardize the treatment under the guidance of the doctor, so as not to affect the condition.