The treatment of OA is aimed at reducing joint pain, delaying the degeneration of the joint junction, maintaining joint function and improving the quality of life, and the principle of individualization should be followed in the treatment process. OA is a multifactorial disease, its occurrence in addition to some uncontrollable factors such as genetics, aging, estrogen reduction, etc., more often than not, it is possible to self-regulate to OA can be relatively stable in the long term. a study by Felson et al. found that elderly women who lost up to 5 kg of body weight can reduce the risk of knee OA by 50%. Some other scholars have also shown that elderly obese or overweight patients with knee pain and osteoarthritis can lose 10-20 pounds in 3-6 months through a planned diet combined with exercise, and with weight loss, the pain and function of the knee joint can be significantly improved. Reasonable physical activity contributes to joint stability, maintains joint range of motion, and enhances the body’s coordination and ability to live a normal life. However, inappropriate exercise or excessive exercise can aggravate the damage of joint cartilage, so a reasonable training plan should be formulated according to the principles of individualization and gradual progress. For weight-bearing joints such as hips and knees, weight-bearing, mountain climbing and squatting activities should be avoided, and walking, cycling and swimming can be chosen as appropriate. Heat therapy, hydrotherapy, infrared light, ultra-short wave, ion introduction, electrical stimulation and other physical therapy can enhance local blood circulation in joints, relieve muscle tension, reduce pain and other symptoms, and improve joint function. Traditional therapies such as acupuncture and massage have certain efficacy. 2, drug therapy At home and abroad, the treatment of OA drugs are currently divided into two categories of drugs to improve the symptoms and change the condition of the drug, with the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of OA, prompting the development of some new drugs, such as drugs that specifically block the metabolic pathway of OA is being studied experimentally. Symptom-improving drugs can relieve joint pain and temporarily improve joint function, but they cannot stop the progression of the disease, nor can they improve the pathological state of joint cartilage and periarticular tissues, etc. At the same time, these drugs may cause some adverse reactions, so long-term continuous application is generally not recommended. NSAIDs are a large class of non-steroidal drugs with different chemical structures, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic functions, which are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of OA, especially in the acute inflammatory phase of OA. In recent years, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2) developed according to the mechanism of pain occurrence, such as Cilobal, have shown the advantages of their unique effects and few side effects in clinical applications, and the controversy of their risk to the cardiovascular system is now gradually being diluted. Condition-modifying drugs are now commonly used, such as glucosamine sulfate and hyaluronic acid. Glucosamine sulfate selectively acts on articular cartilage and bone to stimulate chondrocytes to produce proteoglycans with normal multimeric structure, and also inhibits enzymes that damage cartilage such as collagenase and phospholipase A2, and prevents superoxide radicals from being produced by damaged cells, restoring the function of some damaged chondrocytes. Hyaluronic acid is a major component of the joint fluid and is also seen in the proteoglycan junction of the articular cartilage matrix. Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid help restore the viscoelasticity of synovial fluid while inhibiting synovial inflammation and reducing nociceptive sensitivity, thereby relieving pain and improving joint mobility. Also used in clinical practice are diacerein and certain biological agents. 3.Surgical treatment The purpose of surgical treatment is to relieve joint pain and improve joint function. For patients with osteoarthritis who have persistent severe pain and significant joint dysfunction, surgical treatment can be considered. Surgical methods include arthroscopic surgery, joint cleaning, osteotomy and orthopedic surgery to preserve the joint, as well as joint fusion, arthroplasty, artificial joint replacement, etc. In severe patellofemoral arthritis, osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity can be considered if the patient is under 50 years old. In recent years, the emergence of cartilage and chondrocyte transplantation combined with tissue engineering technology has provided a new treatment method and concept for the treatment of osteoarthritis. At present, arthroscopic lavage and joint debridement have been widely used in the treatment of mid- to late-stage OA, with an overall efficiency of about 80% and an efficacy that can be maintained for more than 3 years in most cases. Grinding arthroplasty and subchondral bone drilling under arthroscopic surveillance for severe cases of articular cartilage damage are useful for the repair of cartilage defects. Autologous cartilage, cartilage membrane transplantation, and autologous chondrocyte transplantation have been partially used in clinical practice.