Lung cavities are difficult to repair completely on their own. The main causes of lung cavities are tuberculosis infection, and some are caused by bacterial lung abscess or fungal infection. Therefore, anti-tuberculosis treatment should be carried out, and anti-tuberculosis drugs should be used according to the course of treatment, so as to achieve the principles of early, regular, full, moderate and combined, and it usually takes six months or even one and a half years of anti-tuberculosis treatment to effectively repair the lung cavity. During this period, attention should be paid to enhancing nutrition, exercising more to strengthen the body, and some albumin or globulin to increase the body’s immune function. If other bacterial infections are combined during the treatment period, more sensitive antibiotics should be used at the same time to carry out synergistic treatment in order to effectively treat pulmonary cavities. Patients who have cavities due to bacterial lung abscesses are mostly combined with anaerobic bacterial infections, and sensitive antibiotics should be used and a full course of treatment should be given before the cavities can be repaired, usually in about 6-8 weeks. In addition, there are some patients who have cavities due to fungal infections in the lungs. It is necessary to go to the hospital in time to do sputum examination to determine the type of fungus in the lungs, and then use sensitive antifungal drugs to effectively cure the cavities.