Head injuries from falls and bruises are common in children. The biggest concern for parents is “brain injury”. Moderate to severe cranial brain injuries have varying degrees of mental changes, which are easy to determine. Mild injuries have atypical symptoms, which are not easy to determine, and it is not clear what kind of changes will occur, which is most likely to make parents anxious. In most cases, the most likely to appear after a fall is a scalp hematoma or bruise, and sometimes a scalp laceration. Parents are expected to grasp the following principles: 1, there are large scalp lacerations, bleeding need to go to the hospital to check the wound, scalp tension is large, the wound is not easy to close naturally, often need to debride and suture the wound. 2, infants and young children after a fall, if there is a continuous not easy to comfort crying, need to go to the hospital to check except for intracranial hemorrhage, fractures, etc.. 3, after the fall injury appears repeated vomiting, need to send to the hospital for observation, except concussion, intracranial hemorrhage, etc. 4.After the fall, the nostrils or external ear canals appear bleeding or flowing “water” (cerebrospinal fluid?) They may come from inside the skull and need to be screened. 5, after the fall injury in any case appearing mental changes, limb paralysis or impaired movement, need to be promptly sent to the hospital for treatment. How to deal with hematoma and bruising in the early stage of head fall injury? Head falls or bruises often appear as bruises or hematomas. In addition to focusing on the symptoms mentioned above, initial treatment of the trauma should be carried out. For hematoma or bruise without skin breakage and bleeding, early cold compresses can be considered to reduce subcutaneous bleeding and diffusion, with ice packs or frozen bags of milk can be, must pay attention to a few points: 1, the outside of the ice pack should be wrapped on a dry towel or handkerchief, not directly on the skin to avoid frostbite. 2, cold compresses are generally carried out within 48 hours after the injury, the earlier you start the better the effect, more than 48 hours usually no significant effect. 3, each cold compress about 15 minutes, depending on the child’s acceptance of the situation can be repeated, no special number of restrictions. 4, skin abrasions or a small amount of bleeding can be first compressed to stop bleeding and then disinfected with complex iodine, and then cold compress after it dries. Wounds with large amount of bleeding need to be sent to hospital for treatment.