What conditions should I have a gastroscopy for? 1. There is epigastric pain, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, belching. Patients with discomfort such as dysphagia, swallowing pain retrosternal burning sensation, suspected esophageal, gastric, duodenal inflammation, ulcer and tumor. 2.Patients with symptoms such as vomiting blood, black stool, suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding, patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding but the cause and location are unknown or patients who need hemostatic treatment under gastroscopy. Liang Biao, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Second People’s Hospital 3. Patients with stomach-related systemic symptoms (such as unexplained wasting, anemia, enlarged left supraclavicular lymph nodes, etc.). 4, Patients with imaging examinations (such as upper gastrointestinal barium meal examination) suspected to have upper gastrointestinal lesions but failed to be diagnosed. 5.Regular review of certain upper gastrointestinal diseases (ulcer, atrophic gastritis, precancerous lesions, etc.) and evaluation of the efficacy before and after drug treatment or after surgery. 6.Patients with gastric or duodenal augmentation lesions, or polyps that need to be cut (or removed) under gastroscopy. What should be done for colonoscopy? 1.Patients with unexplained blood in stool, chronic diarrhea or constipation. 2.Patients with unexplained anemia. 3.Unexplained abdominal mass or lower and middle abdominal pain that cannot exclude lesions of the large intestine and terminal ileum. 4.Suspected benign or malignant tumor or chronic intestinal inflammatory disease, X-ray can not confirm the diagnosis. 5.Barium enema and other examinations find abnormalities and need to further clarify the nature and scope of lesions. 6.Determine the scope of lesions before surgery for colon cancer, review and follow-up of the efficacy after surgery for colon cancer and intestinal polyps. 7.Low-grade intestinal obstruction of unknown origin. What is painless endoscopy? Painless endoscopy refers to sedation and anesthesia before endoscopy, so as to reduce the pain of patients during the examination, increase their tolerance and ensure the smooth performance of endoscopy. This technique is particularly suitable for patients who are nervous, have a high reaction to previous endoscopies, and for patients who need endoscopic treatment. The drug applied in our center has the characteristics of fast onset of action, rapid metabolism and no accumulation effect, and is an intravenous anesthetic with low toxicity, fast awakening and ideal sedation. Patients will not feel the discomfort caused by the stimulation of the mirror body when they go to sleep during the examination, and they can even have a nice dream, which greatly improves the satisfaction of patients. What are the common endoscopic hemostasis procedures? Endoscopic hemostasis includes drug injection hemostasis, high-frequency electrocoagulation hemostasis, microwave hemostasis, hemostatic clip hemostasis and ligation hemostasis, etc. The following methods are commonly used 1.Hypertonic sodium-epinephrine injection: It is suitable for emergency hemostasis of limited small venous gush and/or small arterial spurting blood. 2.Hemostatic clip to stop bleeding: Applicable to bleeding of blood vessels at the edge of ulcer, bleeding of Duchenne ulcer, mucosal tear of cardia and polypectomy to prevent bleeding perforation. 3.Sclerotherapy/tissue adhesive treatment and ligature treatment: mainly used to treat and prevent bleeding from ruptured esophagogastric fundic varices and eliminate venous tumors. Which GI strictures can be treated by endoscopy? Among GI strictures, endoscopic treatment is mainly used for esophageal strictures, pyloric strictures, colonic strictures and anastomotic strictures, mainly including the following two kinds: 1. Endoscopic balloon or probe dilation: for inflammatory, scar, functional and congenital esophageal strictures as well as post-operative esophageal anastomotic strictures and advanced esophageal or cardia cancer obstruction. Or pyloric ulcer scars, colonic anastomoses and other stenoses. 2.Metal stent retention: mainly for stenosis due to pancreatic part of esophagus, pylorus and colonic tumor or stenosis due to tumor recurrence. Which GI lesions can be resected endoscopically? Endoscopic resection is suitable for single or multiple polyps in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon and rectum, with a tip or subtip, and for flat polyps, mucosal peel resection is feasible. Endoscopic excision and local mucosal resection (EMR) can be tried for intraluminal submucosal tumors less than 2.0 cm in diameter and early tumors, respectively. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic submucosal excision (ESE) can be performed for bulges, flat precancerous lesions and early carcinomas or submucosal bulges (smooth muscle tumors and mesenchymal tumors) with a diameter of 2.0 cm or more.