The causes of kidney stones include metabolic factors, local anatomical factors, and drug-related factors.
1. Metabolic factors: metabolic abnormalities include urinary pH, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, cystinuria, hypocitraturia, hypomagnesiuria and so on.
2. Local anatomical factors: such as urinary tract obstruction, infection and the presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract, these are the main local factors that induce stone formation, obstruction can lead to infection and stone formation, and the stone itself is a foreign body in the urinary tract. It can aggravate the degree of obstruction and infection.
3.Drug-related factors:
(1) Drugs that have high concentrations in the urine but relatively low solubility, including aminopterin, drugs for HIV infection (such as indinavir), cephalothrin sodium, magnesium silicate, and sulfonamides, which are themselves components of stones.
(2) Drugs that can induce stone formation, including acetazolamide, vitamin D, vitamin C, and corticosteroids, which are metabolized and lead to the formation of other components of stones.