Healthy newborns need to be vaccinated with BCG within 1-3 days after birth to prevent childhood tuberculosis. If the vaccination is delayed after birth due to neonatal illness, a catch-up vaccination can be given within 3 months. BCG vaccination can prevent severe tuberculosis in children, especially reducing the incidence of cornual tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis. Newborns must receive BCG vaccination once after birth in a hospital if there are no contraindications, and children who have held off vaccination for various reasons should be vaccinated before the age of 4. After 3 months of BCG vaccination, parents should take their children to the vaccination department for a review to check the formation of tuberculosis scars, and a tuberculin test should be performed at the same time, and if the result is negative, a retrospective vaccination is required. After BCG vaccination, pustules and ulcers may appear at the vaccination site, which are normal, and the ulcers may gradually form a crust, leaving a small scar after the crust falls off, which usually indicates a successful injection.