With the aging of the population, degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine such as lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis are increasing day by day. Treatments include conservative and surgical treatments. Traditional surgical treatment requires access from the posterior lumbar spine and extensive stripping of the paravertebral muscles, which is more traumatizing, with longer operation time and more bleeding. Patients who take this type of surgery have a longer postoperative recovery time. Meanwhile, due to the operation affecting the posterior spinal structures including the posterior spinal complex, there are often varying degrees of postoperative lumbar pain which affects the outcome of the surgery. With the continuous development of medical technology, at present, almost all lumbar spine diseases can be completed under minimally invasive, minimally invasive techniques are increasingly accepted by the majority of patients due to the small trauma, fast recovery time, and the surgical effect is the same as or better than the ordinary open surgery effect. However, for various minimally invasive techniques, for ordinary patients, there is a certain degree of doubt, whether the operation needs to be done are not known, this article for these issues are briefly introduced. What is the need for surgery? Surgery is necessary in many cases, generally speaking, the symptoms are very serious, such as walking 500 meters because of pain, numbness in the urinary and fecal areas, weakness, incontinence, numbness in the lower limbs, pain is very serious, and the back of the foot can not be lifted up, etc., which seriously affects the work and life, and must be operated. Is minimally invasive surgery dangerous Lumbar spine surgery has a certain degree of danger, whether the surgery does need to be careful, but not as dangerous as the old folk legend, the success rate of surgery is very high. If there is really a problem when we do one, we would have stopped doing it long ago without any complaints from the patients. Personally, I think that if you choose a good surgeon, the risk of lumbar spine surgery is similar to the risk of flying on an airplane, and the chances of something going wrong are not very high, but it’s not impossible to have problems. Minimally invasive surgery because the incision is small, and along with it, the doctor’s field of vision during surgery is also small, so the doctor engaged in minimally invasive surgery must have rich experience in open surgery; minimally invasive surgery must also have relevant high-end equipment to ensure the safety of the operation; some minimally invasive surgery may need to be changed to an open surgery during the operation, and the hospital that you are attending must have these conditions in order to carry out minimally invasive surgery, which is only available to hospitals of a higher level. The hospital you visit must have these conditions in order to perform minimally invasive surgery, and these conditions can only be found in higher level hospitals. To sum up, it is recommended that you choose a tertiary hospital that specializes in this specialty to perform the surgery, which can maximize the safety and efficacy of the surgery. Minimally invasive surgery 1, intervertebral foramenoscopy disc removal: under X-ray fluoroscopy, from the posterior or lateral puncture to the lumbar intervertebral discs, through the surgical endoscopy system, the surgical incision of about 0.7cm, the doctor can be monitored by the endoscopy, identification and removal of discs to relieve the compression; intraoperative continuous saline flushing can be removed from the discs of toxic metabolites, pain-causing and inflammatory mediators. With the gradual improvement of the technology, the endoscopic system can be inserted through the intervertebral foramen and the intervertebral plate space to remove the intervertebral disc under the intervertebral foramen. Indications and advantages: Suitable for discogenic low back pain, simple disc herniation, without disc and posterior longitudinal ligament calcification. The operation hardly destroys the lumbar vertebrae, paravertebral muscles and ligamentous tissues, with less bleeding, quick recovery after operation, and activity in bed on the same day. 2. Intervertebral disc removal under discoscopy: this surgery adopts the traditional posterior approach to establish a working channel to reach the intervertebral plate space, removes the protruding intervertebral disc tissues under the microscope and decompresses the lateral fossa and nerve root canal on the same side. Indications and advantages: Suitable for patients with lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis. The advantage is that the spinal stability and lumbar muscles are further protected on the basis of traditional surgery. The field of view is wider than that of the previously described surgical methods, with clear vision and safe operation. The surgical incision is 2cm, and recovery after surgery is faster. 3.Minimally invasive decompression interbody fusion: the two methods mentioned earlier cannot be used to treat lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar fracture, lumbar instability, lumbar spine infection, tumor and deformity. For such patients, minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and under-channel spinal canal decompression interbody fusion can be used. The traditional posterior median approach adopted in traditional lumbar internal fixation surgery has the shortcomings of long incision, great damage, slow recovery, etc. Especially for multi-segment lumbar surgery, extensive muscle stripping often leads to muscle atrophy and fibrosis, which often leads to postoperative lumbar weakness, pain and discomfort. Percutaneous pinning can be achieved by placing pedicle screws within a 1.5 cm long incision with minimal damage and without stripping the muscle tissue; by using minimally invasive access for spinal decompression, the surgical incision is much smaller than that of conventional surgeries (the incision of a single segment is only about 3 cm), and since the surgery adopts an intermuscular approach, there is no need for extensive stripping of the muscle tissue; it is possible to complete the spinal decompression, vertebral canal decompression, and vertebral spine surgery with minimal surgical trauma. Decompression of the spinal canal, intervertebral bone grafting, and fixation of the lumbar spine can be accomplished with minimal surgical trauma. This surgical approach is minimally invasive, has less bleeding, less postoperative incision pain, quicker recovery, and shorter hospitalization time, making it extremely suitable for both young and elderly patients.