Urinalysis generally refers to the examination of urine routine, and urine routine, blood routine and stool routine are collectively referred to as the three major routine tests in clinical practice. Urine routine is very important for the initial diagnosis of diseases, especially those related to urinary system diseases, and is also one of the items that must be done for routine health checkups. Depending on the level of the hospital, the urine routine examination varies, with as few as ten items and as many as two dozen items. But the most important items to observe are the following, urine pH, urine specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketone bodies, urinary bilirubin, bilirubin, nitrite, white blood cells, red blood cells, occult blood, vitamin C and so on. Most of them are chemical qualitative analysis methods, so negative and positive results are commonly reported. In addition, it also includes the examination of urine under the microscope, which means that the organic components of urine, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, tubular forms, crystals and other components, are observed manually under the microscope, and the results are reported in terms of the number of high magnification.