Interventional therapy is a minimally invasive medical method of diagnosing or treating diseases under the guidance of medical imaging equipment (X-ray, CT, ultrasound, MRI), utilizing puncture needles, catheters, guide wires, stents, and other interventional therapeutic devices, and integrating advanced medical imaging technology, medication, biology, genetic technology, and high-tech (e.g., cryo, microwave, radiofrequency ablation, chemical ablation, etc.). The emergence of interventional therapy has given new hope to many patients who originally could not be treated by surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. How does interventional therapy maximize the therapeutic effect on tumor patients through minimal trauma? Indications of interventional therapy 1, arterial perfusion chemotherapy (implantation of arteriovenous chemotherapy cartridge system) and embolization therapy for various benign and malignant tumors: such as primary hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic hemangioma, lung cancer, renal carcinoma and adrenal gland tumors, renal angiomyolipoma, cervical carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, uterine leiomyoma, tumors of limb and soft tissues and so on. 2.Interventional embolization treatment for bleeding disorders of critical diseases: including pulmonary hemoptysis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, renal hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, pelvic fracture, benign and malignant tumors (e.g., rupture and bleeding of hepatocellular carcinoma, uterine leiomyosarcoma, cervical carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, trophoblastic neoplasms), uterine adenomyosis, etc. and preventive preoperative vascular interventional embolization of anticipated surgical hemorrhage, e.g., cervix, pregnancy, scarred pregnancy, and other pre-surgical bleeding diseases. Pregnancy, scar pregnancy, placenta implantation, placenta praevia, high-risk hemorrhage type of preoperative aortic balloon obstruction. 3, vascular lesions: including renal artery stenosis, upper and lower extremity arteries and other peripheral vascular stenosis and occlusion; femoral head necrosis of arterial interventional perfusion therapy; upper and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, vena cava filter placement; upper/lower vena cava venous occlusion; Bugatti’s Syndrome; portal hypertension (TIPS) and so on. 4, organ hyperfunction: hypersplenism, prostatic hyperplasia intervention embolization treatment; 5, non-vascular intervention: such as obstructive jaundice percutaneous hepatic perforation of bile duct internal and external drainage (PTCD) and biliary stenting, digestive stenting, physical ablation of tumors (radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, argon helium knife cryoablation) and so on. Five treasures of interventional therapy “irrigation” – local high concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs to kill tumors The “irrigation” in interventional therapy is guided by imaging equipment, the physician will insert a catheter into the nutrient artery of the tumor outside the patient’s body. Under the guidance of imaging equipment, the physician will insert a catheter from outside the patient’s body into the nutrient artery of the tumor, and instill chemotherapeutic drugs equal to or less than the amount of intravenous drugs into the tumor lesion, so that the tumor locally receives a high concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs and prolongs the contact time between the drugs and the tumor. “Blockage – cutting off “food and grass”, “starving to death” Tumor growth depends on the nutrients and oxygen provided by blood vessels. Tumor growth depends on the nutrients and oxygen provided by blood vessels. Once the blood vessels are blocked, the tumor will die without nutrients and oxygen supply. The magic weapon of interventional therapy for tumors – “plugging” refers to inserting the catheter into the nutrient artery of the tumor and then injecting embolic agent (iodine oil, gelatin sponge, etc.) through the catheter to embolize the artery that feeds the tumor and cut off the nutrient source of tumor growth. This method is carried out at the same time with chemotherapy infusion, and the synergistic effect of the two can make the tumor inactivated, so that the tumor loses the nutrient supply and is “starved to death”. “Plugging” can also be combined with surgery. For larger tumors, blocking the blood supply of tumor artery through embolization can reduce intraoperative bleeding and pave the way for surgical resection; and make the tumor shrink, which can help to improve the surgical resection rate. “Passing” – to make the narrowing of lumen caused by lesions pass again There are many natural ducts in the human body, such as esophagus, bile duct, trachea, intestines, blood vessels, etc. When tumors grow in these parts, they often lead to blockage or compression, causing corresponding clinical symptoms. For example, esophageal cancer will cause difficulty in eating; scar after surgery and radiotherapy of esophageal cancer will also cause narrowing, which will lead to difficulty in eating and drinking; cholangiocarcinoma, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer will block and compress bile ducts, and bile will not be discharged, which will make the patient show yellowish color and itchy all over the body; trachea pressure will cause difficulty in breathing; lung cancer and mediastinal lymphoma will compress upper cavity; venous blood vessels will cause patients’ face, neck and neck to become sick; and the patient’s blood vessels will be affected by the tumor. Venous blood vessels will cause congestion and edema of the face, neck, upper limbs and upper chest, and conjunctival edema can be seen in the eyes, which is accompanied by dyspnea, cough, chest tightness and chest pain, etc. All these symptoms are caused by the failure of the corresponding tubes. Minimally invasive interventional therapy can expand the compressed ducts by placing balloons or support the walls of the ducts by placing stents, which can make the inaccessible ducts become smooth, rapidly relieve the symptoms of luminal stenosis, improve the patient’s quality of life and physical status, and win the time for further treatment. “Ablation” – internal “blasting”, crushing the tumor “Ablation” refers to percutaneous puncture ablation of the tumor. Under the guidance of medical imaging equipment, the therapeutic instruments are punctured percutaneously to accurately locate the tumor and destroy the tumor tissues through chemical or physical means, so as to achieve the purpose of treating the tumor. “The most commonly used method: percutaneous anhydrous alcohol ablation: percutaneous injection of anhydrous alcohol into the tumor to cause coagulative necrosis of the tumor; in the interventional therapy of liver and kidney cysts, a fine needle is threaded into the cyst to extract the cystic fluid, and then injected into the alcohol, which can make the cystic wall cells coagulate and degenerate, destroy the cells, harden the cystic wall to close it, and stop secretion of the cystic fluid. In order to achieve the therapeutic purpose of cyst shrinkage or disappearance. This method is not only less painful and cheap, but also not easy to recur. Percutaneous implantation of radioactive particles: irradiate the tumor at a close distance, with little damage to normal tissues; Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: use the radiofrequency electrode needle directly inserted into the tumor, and through the exposed electrode needle, make the positive and negative ions in the surrounding tissues produce high-speed vibration and friction in the radiofrequency electric field, which is then transformed into heat, and the heat energy is gradually accumulated over time and conducted to the periphery, so as to make the local tumor tissues undergo thermal denaturation and coagulative necrosis. Coagulative necrosis. Percutaneous argon helium knife cryosurgery system: referred to as argon helium knife, the percutaneous superconducting needle is punctured into the tumor, argon gas is used to rapidly cool down the refrigeration, helium gas is rapidly warmed up and heated up, and one cold and one hot “two knives” in the tumor tissues make the tumor cells “pulverized to the bone”. “Fetch” – Minimum trauma to obtain pathological specimens Pathological diagnosis is the “gold standard” for confirming the diagnosis of tumors. In the past, for tumors in the deep part of the human body, such as lungs, liver, abdominal cavity, etc., it is often necessary to cut part of the tissue for pathological biopsy, which is more traumatic for patients. If it is benign tumors or malignant tumors that require chemotherapy, the patients have to suffer from the knife for nothing, and if it is malignant tumors that require surgical resection, the patients have to be surgically removed again. The interventional treatment can then produce the most desirable state by minimizing the damage and obtaining a clear pathology. Through the interventional method, under the guidance of ultrasound and CT, a cutting needle is precisely punctured percutaneously to reach the lesion area, and a small amount of tissue is cut for pathological examination, and the wound is just the size of a needle’s eye, which greatly reduces the trauma suffered by the patient’s body. The “extraction” also includes puncture and drainage of abscesses or cysts in various parts of the body. Under image guidance, the patient is punctured into the cavity of the lesion, and the cystic fluid or pus is extracted, and then injected with inactivator or antibiotic solution to flush out the fluid, for example, percutaneous puncture and drainage of bile ducts in patients with biliary stasis, and so on. Pre-intervention precautions before the operation to ensure adequate sleep, to accept the treatment in a good state of mind; 1-2 days before the intervention with easy to digest and less residue food, in order to prevent the postoperative bowel movements and force defecation lead to bleeding at the puncture site. 4-6 hours before the operation, no food and water, in order to prevent vomiting during the operation; if the puncture site is in the groin, the skin needs to be prepared before the operation, remove the pubic hair, to prevent postoperative infections; Postoperative precautions after the intervention (1) Strengthening of nutrition: eat more high-protein, high-vitamin, high-calorie and low-fat diets, abstaining from smoking, alcohol, spicy and other stimulating foods, more fruits and vegetables to maintain a smooth flow of stools; (2) Appropriate exercise: the amount of activity in order not to cause (2)Appropriate exercise: the amount of activity should not cause palpitation, heart fatigue, shortness of breath, or the pulse rate after the activity is not more than 10% of that before the activity, and avoid overwork; (3)Regular life: maintain sufficient sleep time, pay attention to the climate change, and avoid catching a cold or flu; (4)Taking medication on time: we can use medicines to enhance immunity by replenishing the spleen and regulating the qi, and we can try to avoid anti-tumor medicines, and avoid the use of medicines that harm the liver; (5)Regular checkups: we also have to carry out regular checkups in accordance with the doctor’s instructions after the operation, to ensure the safety of the patients. After the operation, we should follow the doctor’s instructions to conduct regular review and tracking and monitoring of the condition.