Anuria after cardiac surgery suggests the existence of acute kidney injury, if it is pre-renal, it is possible to recover after appropriate treatment, if it develops into renal acute kidney injury or previous chronic renal failure, it is difficult to recover the original renal function after dialysis.
Anuria after cardiac surgery may be due to a severe heart attack causing a sharp drop in cardiac output, inadequate perfusion of the circulation, resulting in temporary renal ischemia and oliguria, clinically known as prerenal acute renal failure or prerenal oliguria. At this point, temporary dialysis is needed to eliminate metabolic waste products from the body. If cardiac surgery is successful, patients may recover kidney function by restoring heart pumping and giving volume expansion and rehydration therapy to increase renal blood flow and perfusion.
Pre-renal acute kidney injury can develop into renal acute kidney injury if renal perfusion is not restored and prolonged ischemia of the renal parenchyma occurs. If there is extensive renal parenchymal ischemia and necrosis or tubular injury, it is difficult to recover the original level of renal function even with dialysis treatment. In addition, if the patient already had chronic kidney disease or chronic renal failure before the surgery, a decrease in renal blood flow perfusion on the basis of pre-existing renal disease will exacerbate renal failure, and it will be more difficult to recover after dialysis.
Anuria after cardiac surgery should be treated with dialysis in a timely manner with appropriate interventions to protect the kidneys and avoid severe kidney injury that may lead to irreversible renal failure. It is recommended to communicate with the physician in charge of the case and provide appropriate treatment as soon as possible.