The etiology of gastric cancer is complex and the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. In order to reduce the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer, secondary prevention should be carried out. Primary prevention, i.e. etiological prevention, refers to the control and avoidance of known suspected carcinogenic factors. Secondary prevention is to identify susceptible individuals in the natural population and to provide regular follow-up examinations, so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.
1.Primary prevention
(1) Pay attention to dietary hygiene, avoid eating excessive stimulating diet and smoked products. Moderate smoking and alcohol, eat regularly and prevent overeating to reduce the occurrence of gastritis and gastric ulcer.
(2) Change the traditional methods of preserving food such as salt curing or smoking, and widely apply the frozen fresh storage method.
(3) Reduce the intake of salt in food, and control the daily intake to less than 6g.
(4) Consume fresh vegetables and fruits regularly.
(5) Eat more milk and dairy products.
(6) Increase the amount of protein in food such as fresh fish and meat.
(7) Regularly consume garlic.
(8) Eradicate HP infection in the stomach. Patients with gastric ulcers or gastric polyps larger than 2 cm that have not been treated for a long time should be promptly operated on, and patients with atrophic gastritis should be followed up regularly for gastroscopy, all of which have some preventive significance.
Studies have shown that.
1.Cancer cannot be formed in a weakly alkaline body
2. Cancer can only form in an acidic body
3. If you have cancer, it means your body is acidic
4. Cancer can only expand in an acidic body
5. If your body becomes weakly alkaline, cancer cannot expand
6. If you can balance your body pH and make your body become alkaline, whatever cancer you have will be transformed and cured
7. No matter how bad your situation is, even if you can only live for 6 months, if you can change your body pH to alkaline, your cancer will not expand and you will be cured.
8. Don’t worry about your mom, dad or anyone in your family having cancer, as long as your body is alkaline, you won’t get it, and if you already have it, it will be transformed
9. Cancer is all about surviving in acidic body fluids, nothing more. If your body is acidic, you will get cancer. If it’s weakly alkaline, you won’t get cancer. If you already have cancer, as long as you can adjust your body’s PH to weak alkaline, the cancer will leave you.
The secret of cancer prevention is very simple, which is to eat alkaline food often to prevent the accumulation of acidic waste, because an acidified body fluid environment is a fertile soil for normal cells to become cancerous, and adjusting the acid-base balance of body fluid is an effective way to prevent cancer.
1. Develop good living habits, quit smoking and limit alcohol. Smoking, the World Health Organization predicts that if people all stop smoking, after 5 years, cancer in the world will be reduced by 1/3; secondly, do not abuse alcohol. Cigarettes and alcohol are extremely acidic acid, long-term smoking and drinking people, it is very easy to lead to acidic physique.
2.Don’t eat too much salty and spicy food, don’t eat food that is too hot, too cold, expired and spoiled; eat some cancer prevention food and alkaline food with high alkaline content as appropriate for those who are old and weak or have certain disease genes, and keep a good mental state.
3. Have a good state of mind to cope with stress, combine work and rest, and do not overwork. It can be seen that stress is an important cause of cancer. According to Chinese medicine, stress leads to overwork and physical deficiency, thus causing a decline in immune function, endocrine disorders and metabolic disorders in the body, resulting in the deposition of acid in the body; stress can also lead to mental tension causing qi stagnation and blood stagnation and internal trapping of poisonous fire, etc.
4, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, more exercise in the sun, more sweating can be acidic substances in the body with sweat out of the body, to avoid the formation of acidic physique.
People with irregular living habits, such as singing karaoke all night, playing mahjong, staying out all night, etc., will aggravate the acidification of the body and make it easy to develop cancer. You should develop good living habits to maintain alkaline physique so that various cancer diseases will stay away from you.
6. Do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry, fish and eggs, moldy food, etc. Eat some green and organic food to prevent diseases from entering by mouth.
2.Secondary prevention
(1) Census in areas with high incidence of gastric cancer: This is an important way to detect early gastric cancer. The key issue of stomach cancer prevention is early detection. Census is an important measure for early detection of gastric cancer, and those who are over 40 years old should be screened. Those who have a long history of gastric disease or those who have obvious stomach symptoms in recent months should be listed as the target of screening. In Japan, for more than 30 years, the application of the screening vehicle equipped with X-ray double contrast imaging for gastric cancer screening to residents over 40 years old can reduce the mortality rate of gastric cancer by 27%.
In recent years, a lot of work has been done and some progress has been made in the research of establishing a method of initial screening for gastric cancer screening suitable for China’s national conditions. There are mainly two methods, one is to use computer for pattern discrimination of medical history and symptoms, and the other is to collect fasting gastric fluid with small balls made of various materials, and then to do occult blood or biochemical examination. The common purpose is to screen the high-risk group first, and then further X-ray or gastroscopy, the detection rate of gastric cancer is generally above 0.3%, among which early gastric cancer generally accounts for more than 30%, see Table 6. although this method also has the problem of missed diagnosis, it has certain practical value because of its simple method and low cost, so it can be promoted and tried in areas with high incidence of gastric cancer, and gradually improved.
(2) Establishing gastric disease specialist clinic is another way to detect gastric cancer at an early stage by reducing the leakage and misdiagnosis of patients coming to hospital. Since early gastric cancer often has no obvious symptoms and the symptoms of middle and late gastric cancer are not specific, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as chronic gastric diseases such as gastritis or gastric ulcer. In the past, only 29% of the cases of symptomatic gastric cancer in China were diagnosed within three months, and 33% of the cases were diagnosed more than one year ago. Even in Shanghai, where the medical level is high, the average time between the first diagnosis and diagnosis of gastric cancer is 113 days, and 26.2% of cases are diagnosed after more than 4 months of hospitalization. Therefore, how to improve the early diagnosis rate of patients and reduce the time of in-hospital misdiagnosis is another key to improve the efficacy of gastric cancer. According to foreign experience, after the establishment of gastroenterology specialist clinic, the proportion of early gastric cancer can be increased from 1.6% to 10.60%. In China, the proportion of early gastric cancer in hospitals with gastroenterology specialties is 10%-180%, which is much higher than that of general hospitals with 1.2%-2.7%. Therefore, hospitals with conditions should set up gastroenterology outpatient clinics and strengthen the examination of patients who come to the hospital with stomach symptoms, especially for the first-time diagnosis or cases with long medical history and good age, gastroscopy or barium meal should be performed to reduce missed diagnosis and improve the early diagnosis rate of gastric cancer among outpatients.
(3) Good follow-up of susceptible cases: It is known that patients with atrophic gastritis, gastric polyps, gastric ulcer, residual stomach, moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia and incomplete colonic intestinalization have a higher incidence of gastric cancer. Therefore, active treatment and regular follow-up examination of the above-mentioned gastric pre-cancerous states and precancerous lesions is another way to detect gastric cancer at an early stage. Some scholars believe that chronic gastric ulcers, gastric multiple polyps, solitary polyps larger than 2 cm in diameter and severe atypical hyperplasia that have not been cured by medical treatment for a long time or have heavy scar formation can be treated surgically because they have a high tendency to become cancerous.
For the follow-up of residual stomach, it has been suggested that.
①Where surgery is performed before the age of 40, once a year from 20 years after surgery.
(2) For those operated after the age of 40, once a year from 10 years after surgery.
(iii) For those with chronic bile reflux, once a year from 10 years after surgery.