Subtypes of Cerebral Palsy

  Classification by clinical symptoms Spastic type: The lesion is located in the cortical cone system and is mainly characterized by increased muscle tone due to a hyperactive detrusor reflex.  Tardive dyskinesia: The lesion is located in the extrapyramidal system and is a type characterized by involuntary movements.  Ankylosing cerebral palsy: it is an extrapyramidal injury and is rare.  Hypotonia type: mostly in infants, the main manifestations are: hypotonia Ataxia type Mostly caused by cerebellar injury, motor and balance sensory impairment.  Tremor type: mostly caused by extrapyramidal and cerebellar injury.  Mixed type: Mostly seen as a mixture of two or more types. It is common to see a mixture of spasticity and tardive dyskinesia.  Monoplegia: Motor impairment of one upper or lower limb.  Paraplegia: This type is mostly spastic, showing spastic movement disorder of both lower limbs and basically normal function of both upper limbs.  Paraplegia: Both upper and lower extremities are involved on one side, mostly spastic type, and occasionally hand-foot tardive type. The upper extremity is more than the lower extremity.  Triple limb palsy: Mostly bilateral lower limbs and one upper limb palsy, spastic type is common.  Quadriplegia: It is a bilateral paralysis of both upper and lower extremities, and can be seen in all clinical types.  Diplegia: Quadriplegia in which both lower limbs are heavier than both upper limbs, mostly spastic type, often combined with hip dislocation.  Dual paralysis: Quadriplegia in which both upper extremities are heavier than both lower extremities and the trunk is often involved at the same time. It is mostly a mixed type of severe physical and mental disorder with tardive dyskinesia.  Severe hemiplegia: quadriplegia in which one upper and lower extremity is heavier than the other lower extremity. It can be seen in spastic, tardive dyskinesia and mixed type.