Children’s psychology will change as they grow up, and each period will present different psychological characteristics. Mastering children’s psychology will make communication between teachers and students and between parents and children smoother and more effective. First grade psychological characteristics: new to elementary school life, but not used to it, so it is difficult to adapt to it, curious, active, like to imitate, but it is difficult to pay attention to lectures, especially trust the teacher, and have intuitive, concrete, image and other thinking characteristics. Communication method: This stage is mainly to adapt and develop habits and interest in learning, and guide children how to learn happily. Parents can start from how to arrange time, how to use efficient guidance language, and cultivate their children to develop good habits of independence and love of learning. Second grade psychological characteristics: this stage is a critical period for elementary school students to form self-confidence, emotional instability and impulsiveness, self-control is not strong. Communication methods: At this stage, children’s learning habits and attitudes have gradually shifted from plasticity to the important transition stage of gradual stereotypes, gradually adapted to elementary school life, but also formed certain behavioral habits, we need to correct their bad behavior in a timely manner and cultivate interest in learning. We should encourage and affirm our children, pay attention to the changes in their mindset at all times, and pay attention to the cultivation of habits and the grasp of basic knowledge in learning. The third grade psychological characteristics: this stage is a turning point in the child’s emotional changes, from emotional outward, superficial, unconscious to internal control, profound, conscious development. However, there is limited emotional control in learning and interpersonal interactions. Sloppiness and carelessness, dawdling in homework and other bad habits are common and need to be highly valued and patiently corrected. Communication methods: As the scope of interaction expands and the cognitive ability increases, the child encounters various disturbances and begins to develop anxiety, which requires parents to accompany and guide patiently and help the child solve problems in a timely manner. Fourth grade of elementary school Psychological characteristics: 9-11 years old is a critical period of children’s growth, in the late stage of childhood, brain development is just in the critical period of internal structure and function perfection, in elementary school education just in the transition period from low to high, physical and psychological changes are obvious, is the best period to develop learning ability, emotional ability, will ability and study habits. Children have changed from passive learning to active learning, have their own ideas, but the ability to distinguish right from wrong is still limited, lack of social interaction experience, often encounter many difficult to solve problems, is the beginning of restlessness, if not pay attention to guidance, children may interfere with learning because of some small distress, and gradually lose interest in learning, but through correct education, this restlessness can be transformed into a natural and social Through proper education, this restlessness can be transformed into a passion for nature and society, a desire to explore and learn, and a rapid improvement in overall ability, which will lead to a profound and meaningful turn in life on the journey of learning and a successful life path. Communication methods: At this stage, the child’s learning knowledge has increased and deepened, and the child begins to show the first differentiation in elementary school. Pay attention to the child’s attention in class, writing habits, and develop the child’s habits of acting and checking. Grade 5 Psychological characteristics: Increased sense of competition, not willing to lag behind. Pay more attention to academic performance and begin to have admiration for students who excel in their studies. The ability to be independent increases and the child likes to form small groups spontaneously. Do not believe in bragging and gradually increase self-control. Communication methods: Encourage persistence in doing things, help children to establish an enterprising attitude and promote the development of self-awareness. Children have started to enter the reserve period of primary school, parents should start to pay attention to primary school information. Provide some opportunities for your child to be exposed to nature and society. It is difficult to accurately understand the connotations of the observed problems of nature and society encountered in learning without practical skills. Exposure to society has a positive effect on developing interest in learning, maintaining an active learning attitude and meeting more complex challenges. Primary 6 Psychological characteristics: Children begin to enter early adolescence, which is the stage of transition from adolescence to adulthood and is equivalent to late elementary school and the entire secondary school stage. Students gradually develop a strong sense of autonomy, prefer to look at other things with a critical eye, and sometimes feel rebellious resistance to legitimate interference from teachers and parents. Emotional instability. Pay attention to regulating and controlling their emotions. One’s memory is enhanced, attention is easily focused and sharp, especially because the ability of abstract thinking logical thinking is strengthened, self-awareness, evaluation and education are also fully developed, and the initial formation of personal character and outlook on life. However, willpower is still not strong enough, and the ability to analyze problems is still developing, so they are easily discouraged when encountering difficulties and setbacks. Communication methods: At this stage, you need to pay close attention to the psychological changes of your child and focus on learning while having a healthy psychological development. Gradually prepare for the promotion out, and learn more about the scope and characteristics of the examinations of the school of choice. The first year of junior high school Psychological characteristics: the unity of maturity and infancy, entering adolescence, significant changes in physical form, gradually sound physical functions, and corresponding psychological changes, but between the two stages of childhood and adolescence is a gradual transition, first-year students have just crossed into adolescence, the development of rational thinking is still limited, physical development, knowledge and experience, psychological quality still retain the characteristics of elementary school students. The unity of upwardness and blindness, self-awareness begins to develop, has a certain ability to evaluate, also began to pay attention to shape their own image, hope to get the teacher and classmates praise, in learning and discipline will be serious efforts, and strive to give teachers and classmates a good impression, but the independence of thinking and critical is still in the budding stage, the nervous system regulation ability is poor easily affected by the outside world, when the smooth blind complacency, encounter When things go well, they are blindly complacent, and when they encounter setbacks, they are blindly inferior, discouraged, and have a herd mentality. The unity of independence and dependence: they do not want to be controlled by adults, but they want to get help from teachers and parents when they encounter specific difficulties in learning and life. The unity of novelty and nervousness, new environment, new teachers, new classmates, new subjects. However, soon after, the increase in subjects, complexity, longer class time, more exams, and different teaching and learning methods from elementary school make them feel nervous. Strengthen the education of upbringing, pay attention to the education of psychological counseling self-awareness, emotional counseling, puberty education. Carry out guidance on learning methods, study methods and study habits and time allocation, etc. Also pay attention to do not let go without care, do not strictly control not to solve the problem. Grade characteristics: From the sixth grade to the first grade of junior high school, many students still use the learning methods and attitudes of elementary school to deal with junior high school learning, some children may not be able to keep up with the teacher’s progress in class, obviously feel that the learning task has increased, learning is somewhat overwhelmed. The speed of adaptation to the “new” will have a great impact on the first-year students. The first-year students in the new grade are both unfamiliar and curious about everything, and they are relatively relaxed. Subjects have increased, the difficulty of knowledge has also increased compared to elementary school, can no longer use the elementary school or junior high school learning methods to learn, must be timely adjustment, learning time allocation is also a matter of concern. Communication methods: 1. attention to adaptability – from primary school students to secondary school students, the surrounding environment, teaching methods, the pace of life need to adapt, the speed of adaptation, to a large extent, determine the student’s performance in the first year or even the entire junior high school stage, so the first year is a very important thing is to adapt to the new life as soon as possible. 2. New habit formation – first year is the foundation of the grade, not only to lay a good foundation of knowledge, but also the foundation of the study habits, pay attention to “education”, is to let students as soon as possible to develop a proper attitude to learning, develop good study habits, habits of thinking The success of the education history of the students is an important guarantee of excellent academic performance in junior high school! 3. pay attention to the basics – the difficulty of the course is progressive, so usually at the beginning, students will feel relatively simple, the first year do not pursue the “difficulty” and “progress”. To pay attention to the basic concepts of learning, analysis and application, only a solid foundation, it is possible to learn throughout the secondary school with ease and effectiveness. The second year of middle school psychological characteristics: this stage of children have entered puberty, both boys and girls body has undergone many striking changes. However, parents and society take a closed-minded or even shameful attitude toward sex education, resulting in adolescent troubles among students. Another psychological characteristic is that they don’t care about anything on the surface, but in fact they are very herd-oriented, wanting to be different and worried about being out of the group. As a result, some students become nervous, anxious, inferior and other unhealthy psychology, due to the serious imbalance between psychological and physical development, there will be varying degrees of confrontation, avoidance, lying, destruction, violence and other undesirable behavior. Independence has a greater development, self-esteem increased. Communication methods: The curiosity and inquisitiveness brought by the sexual maturity of adolescence promote the development of adolescents’ sexual consciousness, how to recognize love and deal with good feelings towards the opposite sex need proper guidance. Emphasis on communication – second-year students enter into adolescence, more rebellious, and parents gradually become less communication, very resistant to preaching, so parents must communicate with their children more during this period, always understand the psychological changes of children, timely to give children the psychological guidance and guidance of the correct concept, so as to ensure The child’s development on a healthy psychological track. The main focus of the school will be to add the knowledge of the junior or senior year to the second semester of the junior and senior year. The task and pressure of learning in the second and second year of high school are very large, children should improve their learning efficiency, master their own learning methods to develop good study habits (later to talk about the second year of high school will not be described in general). Subject content deepens, children at this stage of learning will appear a clear stratification, need to pay great attention to and prepare in advance, encourage children to prep in advance, ready to meet the challenge. The second year of junior high school should establish the concept of early midterm, the content of junior high school in advance to study, reduce the pressure of junior high school, easy and confident to meet the midterm. Because the junior system review time is very limited, and review pressure is very high, so in the second year of junior high school should emphasize the importance of timely problem identification, problem solving, need to coordinate the time, tutoring and increase the frequency of weak subject remediation. The third year of middle school Psychological characteristics: oppositional development, learning ability has improved greatly, they like to discuss problems with teachers on an equal footing, and like to organize and carry out some activities freely and independently by themselves. They are more eager for the respect and understanding of their teachers and parents than the first and second year students. Psychological tendency to stereotype, academic performance is relatively stable, junior students are developing rapidly and beginning to stereotype. Observation is close to the adult level, meaningful knowledge is dominant, and thinking activities are already at the level of abstraction and generalization. Interest in learning is basically stable, and academic performance is also starting to be relatively stable. Educators should seize all favorable opportunities to promote students’ psychological maturity, so that they can develop psychological qualities for future learning and life. At the same time, we should continue to educate students on the purpose and attitude of learning, so that each student has a strong sense of urgency to go on to higher education, and pay attention to the work of “making up the difference”, and strive to make each student enter the ideal high school. Communication methods: We need to make full use of the characteristics of this stage to cultivate and develop their ability to study and live independently, and at the same time to prepare for the midterm exams, to understand the current study situation and state with the child, set goals and negotiate methods. The key word for junior high school is “midterm.” The main task for junior high school is the midterm. The main test is the ability to integrate and apply the knowledge of the students. Children need to plan and focus on breakthroughs, not to give up and not to slack off, in order to achieve excellent results in the midterm. The most important thing in the junior year 1. Learn chemistry – new chemistry subjects in the junior year, chemistry in the entire junior high school stage to learn a book, regardless of the learning status of other subjects, chemistry to start well, it is easy to learn very well, the new course to learn well, the student’s self-confidence will improve, the learning of other subjects can play a positive The new course is easy to learn. On the contrary, if you are not anxious at the beginning, do not pay attention to, wait until the discovery of the problem will take double or even several times the time to make up, greatly reducing the efficiency of the review, affecting the overall performance. 2. the tight pursuit – junior year, for the examination review to leave more time, school teachers will catch up with the progress, the course speaks faster, a little slack will be more strenuous, many students appear “old debt has not been made up, and owes a new debt” situation, the overall busy The students are too busy to strengthen their weaknesses, and when it comes to the next semester’s comprehensive review, it will be a pot of porridge. Therefore, it is important to keep up and review in time to solve difficult problems. 3. check the gaps and fill in the gaps – you have finished 2/3 of the middle school curriculum, you should plan to start focusing on your weak subjects and weak knowledge points to break through, don’t pile up all the problems until the eve of the midterm. Take advantage of the beginning of the school year is not the most stressful stage, to go over the knowledge points of the first and second year of each subject in your mind, pick out the ones you did not master before, check the gaps and fill in the gaps, so as to lay a good foundation for the midterm exam. 4. pressure regulation – with the approach of the examination, students and parents will have more or less some pressure, pressure is not all bad, but too much pressure will affect the normal study of students, life, but also affect the normal play of the examination. Parents should be more concerned about their children, to be able to observe the changes and anxiety of their children, you can ask a professional in this area to help children. General description: The sprint period before the junior and senior high school exams, comprehensive combing and flexible application of the overall knowledge framework, as well as improving test-taking ability, concentrating on grabbing all the time to check the gaps and avoiding shortcomings. First year of high school Psychological characteristics: High school students are in the psychological weaning period when they are psychologically separated from their parents. With the rapid development of their bodies, the obvious increase of self-awareness, and the development of independent thinking and ability to handle things, high school students show strong autonomy in their psychology and behavior, and are eager to be liberated from the bondage of their parents. And their feelings become internalized, i.e., their inner world is active, but the external expression of their emotions is not obvious. These characteristics often prevent parents and children from getting to know each other. Academic characteristics: The depth and difficulty of learning in high school rises to a new level compared to junior high school, and the span is very large, especially in mathematics, English, and physics subjects, many students are able to understand in class, after-class homework is also carefully completed, but the results are not satisfactory, many students even failed the situation, this time parents and children are very confused, in fact, the crux lies in the students’ poor knowledge traction ability, comprehensive The counselor must emphasize to the parents that at the high school level, the child should not fall behind, and problems should not be delayed, and at the same time emphasize that at the high school level, parents should not blindly believe that the child can solve the problem by himself, because all subjects in high school are extensions of knowledge, and there is a strong correlation, a problem with a knowledge point or knowledge module will lead to a bottleneck in the learning of this subject, and should take advantage of the After the monthly exams, students’ problems should be organized and solved effectively so that they can do well in the midterm exams. The key word of senior high school – “difficult” from middle school to high school is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, high school as a whole presents the “5 increase” trend of increased knowledge, enhanced theoretical, systematic, comprehensive, and increased ability requirements. “Therefore, for most students, junior high school to senior high school is not a “slope”, but a “hurdle”. “The most important things to do in senior year The most important things in senior high school 1. Pay attention to senior high school, achievement in college entrance examination – senior high school is the beginning of the whole high school stage, seize senior high school, so that they can occupy the leading position at the beginning, is crucial to the development of students in high school, years of experience in college entrance examination shows: the importance of senior high school and 3 years after the college entrance examination results are directly proportional to the relationship, to To get good results in the college entrance examination, you must start from the first year of high school! 2. do it in advance, and deal with it calmly – just experienced the examination, many students are immersed in the tension after the relaxed Lee, but learning is indeed like sailing against the current, no progress is regression, a little relaxation, may create problems for their own study in high school, seize the beginning of high school, so that their high school learning smooth sailing! 3. find loopholes, make up in time – high school learning is more intense, find loopholes should not be too busy, too tired as a reason to let it exist and develop, because there is an inherent link between knowledge, loopholes are not filled, will affect the learning of other knowledge and comprehensive application, and the accumulation of too much, will feel unable to start, have to give up, to the college entrance examination cause great losses! 4. fluctuations in performance, the correct view – the first year of high school learning achievement fluctuations is a very normal thing, in general, as long as adapted to the high school teacher’s lecture style, mastered the high school knowledge learning method, the results will gradually rise and tend to stabilize. The loss of confidence or interest in a subject because of a temporary drop in performance is not worth the loss. Psychological characteristics of the second year of high school: At this stage, many students do not have a clear goal, neither the ambition of the first year of high school, nor the sense of urgency facing the college entrance examination, which is a period of turmoil and confusion. Once they encounter setbacks, especially when they are hit in exams, they will self-doubt and become anxious. A survey shows that more than half of the students feel that there is a stage of significant regression in performance throughout high school, and most of them feel that this stage is in their second year of high school: 1. increasing polarization in learning. 2. serious partiality. 3. a stronger sense of loneliness and anxiety. Grade characteristics: sophomore keyword – “polarization”, sophomore year is a relatively special grade, on the one hand, has adapted to the learning life of high school, on the other hand, the tension of senior high school has not yet come, so the heart is more relaxed; at the same time, sophomore year will also face a number of In addition, many parents have a misunderstanding: the second year of high school first relaxed, or the third year of high school will not be easy time. This idea is very wrong, the result is that the second year of high school is easy, to the third year of high school is not nervous up. The combination of the above factors has caused serious divisions, and some students want to work hard again in their senior year, and find that it’s too late! A. Learning: 1. Polarization is becoming increasingly obvious, leading to different psychological states. In the first year of high school, the student body has been more obviously divided into levels in terms of knowledge mastery, that is, the so-called superior students and poor students. For the superior students, their positive psychology has been developed step by step, such as interest rising to fun, curiosity transforming into curiosity and desire to explore. They are confident, learning has become a conscious behavior, and they constantly get the psychological experience of success from it. The other part of the students have been repeatedly frustrated in one year of study (especially in exams), and their discouragement, low self-esteem and even fear of learning have gradually solidified, and they have a tendency to shift their interests and deviate from their subjects. Academic performance further falls, self-confidence is further impacted, resulting in a vicious circle. For the intermediate level students, the enthusiasm for learning is not high, the purpose of learning only hope to pass in the HKCEE, in a state of indifference and passivity. 2. Attribution psychology has changed greatly, and the active consciousness of learning has increased significantly. People always move forward by constantly summing up experience. The psychology of attribution of learning success or failure affects students’ attitude toward learning and learning behavior. Today’s sophomore students attach more importance to the influence of individual learning behaviors than to objective conditions for attributing success or failure in learning. For the improvement of learning performance, they put more hope on the improvement of their learning behavior, learning emotion and learning process, such as the correction of learning attitude, the improvement of method, the development of good habits, the improvement of time utilization, the enhancement of learning perseverance, etc., rather than the change of objective conditions, such as the improvement of learning environment, the teaching level of teachers, etc. By grasping the main aspect of the conflict in learning activities and paying more attention to the influence of individual learning behavior, students will be more proactive in improving their learning methods and adjusting their behavior patterns. This is a concrete manifestation of the increased awareness of individual initiative among students today. 3. Expectations and fears of the college entrance exams Senior year, to say that it is very far from the college entrance exams? No, the senior year will come to itself as soon as it graduates! Is it very close? No, there are still seniors who haven’t graduated yet! At this time, many students have a psychological phenomenon of expectation and fear. They are easily distracted, unable to concentrate on their studies, easily disturbed, and often fantasize about the future. They feel very nervous, some students can’t wait to take the college entrance examination now, so they don’t have to be so scared, this kind of expectation is prone to anxiety; however, when they think of the real college entrance examination and feel inexplicable fear, afraid that they can’t get into a good, ideal university, so their subconscious mind sometimes prefer to meet in fantasy. Thus, they tend to get distracted and distracted in class and study, and after they come back to their senses they feel very guilty and regret why they were like this in the first place. They are afraid that this time the distractions and distractions will affect their own study, while their classmates do not, and they will be better than themselves in the next exam. He then thinks, “If I don’t get into college I feel humiliated and ashamed of my family,” especially some students with a strong sense of self-blame. This way they seem overly nervous, and affect the following study, is this vicious circle continues, leading to a variety of psychological behavior. Second, more consciously recognize, observe and dissect themselves, but sometimes fall into the self-contradiction of ideal and reality, affirmation and denial, resulting in loneliness and low self-esteem. The phenomenon of “falling in love” increases dramatically, and the choice of friends has a high degree of principle. 1. the phenomenon of “love” has increased dramatically, but most students “love” motivation is very absurd love is inevitable in the process of growth of human sexual psychological phenomena, with the continuous improvement of our living standards, youth nutrition is also improved, which will inevitably lead to physical The development of the body is accelerated, and this early maturity of the body must also include the early maturity of the sexual function. On the other hand, students in their second year of high school are familiar with their environment, teachers and classmates, and they do not have to take the entrance exams yet; at the same time, they have to bear more and more pressure from all aspects of society, and they need understanding and care very much. However, because families, schools and teachers only care about students’ academic performance and do not pay attention to students’ psychological needs, they can only get the feeling of care from outside. The specific manifestations are: many students want to fall in love, but they are not looking for someone, or they are unrequitedly in love; some students do not want to fall in love, but there are many people of the opposite sex like them; there are also many who have fallen in love. They want to fall in love, but the “adults” do not approve of their behavior, so many students who have fallen in love and are ready to fall in love feel a lot of pressure. Either way, it is safe to say that they are having a hard time. This kind of sexual maturation and psychosexual awakening in the growth of adolescents brings great obstacles to their physical and mental growth and academic life. However, the psychological development of adolescents cannot keep up with the premature emergence of sexual psychology. This is mainly manifested in its “love” motivation, the reasons are: A: is to find a feeling of being loved, valued, cherished; B: influenced by television, movies, the Internet, etc., that love is for fun, do not know the responsibility and obligation; C: whether there is a male (female) friends as the standard of whether there is “D: show-off mentality; comparison mentality. In order to show that I am very attractive to the opposite sex, I am excellent; think that others have friends of the opposite sex I also have to have …… and so on some of the statements we sound very lie fallacy but all become the reason for their early love. 2. Higher principle in choosing friends Due to the development of self-awareness, sophomore students’ blindness in choosing friends gradually decreases, and they no longer make friends deliberately for the need of belonging, they are more willing to establish deep friendship with those who have similar personalities and common hobbies with them, and share the secrets of their hearts, and the establishment of friendship gradually develops from generalization to fixation and deep level. The most important thing in the second year of high school 1. balanced development – admission to the college entrance examination is based on the overall results, as long as there is no serious bias, even if whoever has mediocre grades in all subjects, can achieve a good result in the college entrance examination. If you can make a breakthrough in some subjects in the sprint of senior high school, you will do very well in the exam, so balanced development is the basis for getting good results in the college entrance examination. 2. prepare for the exam in advance – the college entrance examination is the knowledge of the whole three years of high school, not just the knowledge of the senior year. Don’t think that the college entrance examination is a matter of senior year, in fact, every stage is preparing for the examination and is laying the foundation for the college entrance examination, especially in sophomore year. 3. strengthen the foundation – a lot of knowledge in the first year of high school is the basic knowledge that must be used in future studies, so if you find that some of the knowledge in the first year of high school is not fully mastered, you must not wait until the senior review to solve it, to make up as soon as possible, so that their sophomore and junior year of high school learning more smoothly. High school junior year Psychological characteristics: At this stage children’s social consciousness is close to maturity, and gradually form their own outlook on life and values, and have their own independent opinions on social reality. As the time for exam preparation decreases, fluctuations in ideological pressure and psychology are more prominent, with three forms of differentiation: confidence type, confusion type, and abandonment type. Confident children have clear goals and ambitious ideals, a strong interest in learning, good psychological quality, solid foundation, scientific methods, strong learning ability, balanced development in all subjects, stable results in previous exams, and full confidence in the college entrance examination. The confused type of children are ideologically eager to enter the ideal university, but due to the lack of solid foundation, improper learning methods, the results are often passive, which leads to unstable thinking, and when the results do not progress or decline, they are more negative. When the test progresses, they are full of fighting spirit again. They feel that it is difficult to enter university and feel confused about the future. Children who give up are those who have poor foundation, or who have worked hard but their grades have not improved, or whose subject development is very unbalanced, and whose thinking has entered the misconception that there is no hope for them to get into university, so that their grades are getting worse and worse, and they even give up on themselves when it is most important. Communication method: Through communication with teachers and children, we can understand the current situation of children. Parents should pay more attention to their children’s psychological state while adjusting their own mindset, and should not let their anxiety affect their children. Give your child what help you can and pay attention to your child’s nutritional health.