Cancer is the number one killer of health and everyone is afraid to avoid it. I heard that the king next door recently found out that he had cancer at an advanced stage, but how can we prevent cancer? Regular screening can be one of the effective ways to prevent cancer. So, who are the people who need to have cancer prevention checkups most? What are the basic cancer screening items? Let’s take a look together. Six types of cancer high-risk groups and must do cancer prevention checkups 1. Cervical cancer high-risk groups: early marriage, multiple births, multiple sexual partners, those who have suffered from human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus, HIV infection in reproductive tract, cervical lesions such as cervical erosion are mostly cervical cancer high-risk groups. Gynecological tumor screening: gynecological examination, pelvic ultrasound, TCT, tumor markers CEA, CA12-5. 2. Breast cancer high-risk group: women with immediate family members who have had breast cancer, women with cystic hyperplasia, women who have not given birth or breastfeeding, women with early menstruation or delayed menopause, and obese women are the high-risk group for breast cancer. Breast tumor screening: palpation, ultrasound, mammogram, tumor markers CEA, CA15-3. 3. Colorectal cancer high-risk group: people with family history of colorectal cancer, people with polyps found in the colon, people who like high-fat diet, people with chronic ulcerative colitis, people with intestinal schistosome granuloma are all high-risk patients for colorectal cancer. Colon and rectal tumor screening: colonoscopy, anal examination, fecal occult blood, tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4. 4. High-risk group for lung cancer: long-term smokers, people with long-term exposure to soot or oil smoke due to occupation, and people living in areas with serious environmental pollution for a long time are high-risk group for lung cancer. Lung tumor screening: chest CT, tumor markers CEA, NSE, CYFRA211. 5. High risk group for liver cancer: Hepatitis B surface antigen positive, hepatitis B or C history, family history of liver cancer, patients with severe fatty liver, long-term history of heavy alcohol consumption. Liver tumor screening: hepatitis B five, hepatitis C, liver function ten, upper abdominal ultrasound, tumor markers AFP, CEA. 6. High-risk group of gastric cancer: those who have been infected with Helicobacter pylori, often eat salt-pickled vegetables or smoked meat and fish, suffer from chronic gastric ulcer, gastric polyps, chronic atrophic gastritis and other chronic gastric diseases are high-risk group of gastric cancer. Gastric and duodenal tumor screening: gastroscopy, H. pylori antibody measurement, tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA2-47. In addition to the six types of cancer high-risk groups mentioned above who should undergo regular cancer screening, residents of areas with high tumor incidence should also pay more attention. In Guangdong, for example, there is a high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in the Xijiang River basin such as Zhongshan and Sihui, and a high incidence of esophageal cancer in Chaoshan. Once again, people with bad habits such as smoking, drinking, excessive stress and fatigue should try to regulate their lifestyles to prevent cancer from the root. Lastly, those who are in the age group with high tumor incidence, i.e. over forty-five years old, are recommended to go to the hospital once a year for regular cancer prevention checkups. Basic cancer prevention physical examination in hospital: 1. Laboratory examination: mainly includes routine examination of blood, urine and stool, biochemical and immunological examination, pathological examination, etc. For example, the three major routine tests (blood, stool and urine routine tests) can detect traces of cancer, especially abnormal blood routine, which is likely to be a manifestation of hematological system tumor. 2.Liver and kidney function: It can find out the functional status of liver and kidney, and must be checked for patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 3.Radiological examination: It mainly includes X-ray fluoroscopy, X-ray radiography, X-ray imaging, CT scan, MRI and so on. If the chest X-ray reflects the lung condition, it is best to take both front and side views, and long-term smokers must be investigated. 4.B ultrasound: abdominal ultrasound can find out the condition of the abdominal organs, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis patients must be checked, pelvic ultrasound can understand the ovaries, adnexa and other conditions. 5, endoscopy: gastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, proctoscopy, anoscopy, cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, nephroscopy, colposcopy, hysteroscopy, etc. For example, gastroscopy is a must for people with long-term irregular life, overeating and bad eating habits. Endoscopy is an important tool for tumor diagnosis, which can be used for cavity organ and body cavity examination, and can detect precancerous lesions of mucosa and carcinoma in situ. Endoscopy can detect tumors that cannot be detected by X-ray and CT, and can be biopsied. 6.Anal finger examination: the easiest way to census rectal cancer, long-term blood in stool or abnormal stool habit. It can detect 75% of low rectal cancer and prostate lesions. 7.Fecal occult blood (need to fast from occult blood diet): In early stage of gastrointestinal cancer, 20% of patients can have positive occult blood test, and in late stage patients, the rate of positive occult blood can reach more than 90%, and it can be persistently positive, therefore, fecal occult blood test can be the first choice index for screening of gastrointestinal tumor. 8.Radionuclide test: Isotope test, in which radioactive elements are manufactured into various tracers and entered into the organs to be examined. Then use the detector to detect the distribution of radiation on the body surface, according to the distribution of radiation, the location and size of tumor can be estimated. 9.Exfoliative cytological examination: such as vaginal smear and cervical smear, which can be used to screen cervical cancer. 10.Serum tumor marker examination: for example, women should check AFP, CEA, CA125, CA153 and CA199; men should check AFP, CEA, CA199 and TPA. specific antigen (TPSA) assay. Early detection of cancer is crucial, and 1/3 of cancers can be cured through early detection and diagnosis. Targeted cancer screening can help detect tumors at an early stage by conducting a whole-body examination and comprehensive assessment of the subject. It is recommended to consult with relevant professionals to design your medical checkup program and examination cycle in a targeted manner, which is the most effective and economical cancer prevention medical checkup program.