I. What is lymphoma? Which lymphomas are more typical and common? Lymphoma is a malignant tumor that originates from the malignant transformation of lymphocytes and mainly involves lymph nodes or lymphatic tissues outside lymph nodes. Normal lymphocytes are essential and important immune cells in our body, so lymphocytes and lymphatic tissues are widely distributed in the body. Unlike tumors such as stomach cancer and liver cancer, lymphoma can occur anywhere in the body and has a variety of clinical manifestations, which of course makes the diagnosis of lymphoma somewhat difficult. Malignant lymphoma is currently divided into two major categories, namely Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is divided into B-cell, T-cell, and NK-cell lymphoma subtypes according to their immunophenotypes. Each subtype has many specific types according to the latest World Health Organization typing (2008), and there are approximately 50 types. The more common clinical types are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (31%), follicular cell lymphoma (22%), small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, set cell lymphoma, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma each accounting for 6%, and mucosa-associated lymphoma accounting for 5%. What are the causes and predisposing factors of lymphoma? Are living habits related to lymphoma? Lymphoma is a malignant tumor of the blood system. There are still many causes of lymphoma, and the common causes are: 1. Viral infections: such as EBV, HIV (AIDS virus), measles virus, hepatitis virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1, etc. 2, chemical toxins. Such as hair dyes and forestry workers with high exposure to organochlorine, etc. 3, immunosuppressed people: such as patients with rheumatism, patients receiving hormone replacement therapy or chemotherapy, patients with organ transplants, etc. 4.Bacterial infection: such as gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) caused by H. pylori infection. Lymphoma is on the rise in China in recent years. The main reasons for this may be: 1. The clinical workers’ awareness of lymphoma has increased. 2. 2.The application of advanced medical tools has increased the number of confirmed cases, such as the application of chromosome examination, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemistry, etc. 3. The modern living condition is also an important factor causing lymphoma that cannot be ignored: for example, excessive psychological stress, irregular life, food pollution, drinking and smoking and other bad habits have been proved to be important triggers or causes for the development of lymphoma. Third, what are the early signs or symptoms of lymphoma? Can early detection be achieved through physical examination? Although lymphoma has various manifestations, as long as enough attention is paid to it, most patients can still detect its signs and symptoms at an early stage, and give early diagnosis and early treatment to get complete remission and clinical cure. Early symptoms of lymphoma include: prolonged fever (fever of unknown origin for more than 1 week), night sweats (sweating after sleep at night), unexplained weight loss, rash, itchy skin and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes including: preauricular, posterior occipital, submaxillary, neck, supraclavicular, axillary, talipes, groin, N fossa, etc. If relatively obvious swollen and hard nodes are found in these places, one should promptly go to regular hospitals If swollen and hard nodes are found in these areas, you should go to a regular hospital for pathological examination of lymph nodes. In addition, some commonly used auxiliary examinations such as serum lactate dehydrogenase measurement, liver and kidney function measurement, beta2-microglobulin, ultrasonography, CT examination, and advanced examination means such as PET-CT can help to detect some deep-seated lesions in the body at an early stage. IV. How is lymphoma treated? What are its healing factors? The treatment of lymphoma should depend on its malignancy and clinical stage. Generally, lymphoma is divided into three types according to its malignancy: inert lymphoma, aggressive lymphoma, and highly aggressive lymphoma. Generally speaking, inert lymphoma includes follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, etc. The early stage of this lymphoma is usually based on observation, while the mid- to late-stage patients should consider chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a comprehensive treatment. We have treated a patient with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma, who mainly presented with gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, abdominal distension and abdominal pain, and underwent gastroscopy and pathological biopsy of gastric mucosa tissue, suggesting gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma (positive for H. pylori). The common aggressive lymphoma is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which is also the most common type of lymphoma, and there is a more mature treatment plan internationally, namely the so-called R-CHOP plan, which is Merova + combined chemotherapy for 6-8 courses, with an efficiency of over 90% and an overall survival rate of 58% at 5 years; in addition, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be used, and the efficacy of this method The efficacy of this method has also been confirmed. The current treatment protocol for highly aggressive lymphoma is the same as that for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, i.e., combined chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition to the different types and treatments mentioned above, the prognosis of lymphoma is also closely related to the patient’s own physical condition, tolerance to chemotherapy, financial status, psychological tolerance, and psychological status.