Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, characterized by reversible airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness. It is estimated that there are 300 million asthma patients worldwide. In recent years, the incidence of asthma has been increasing year by year, and the third national epidemiological survey of asthma in children 0-14 in 2010 showed that the national prevalence of asthma in children was about 3.8%, while the prevalence of asthma in children in Suzhou was 4.8%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence of 3.7% in 2000. Asthma not only has a high incidence and prevalence rate, but also poses a serious health risk to human beings. First of all, severe asthma often leads to death, with as many as 180,000 people dying from asthma worldwide each year, and among these people are mostly young and middle-aged people who are rich and powerful and play an important role in their families and society, and even children in their formative years. Another danger of asthma is that some people with asthma, although they do not have very severe attacks, have persistent symptoms, and airway spasms, although not severe, are always present. The persistence of chronic inflammation of the airways then causes airway remodeling, which results in an irreversible decline in lung function and ultimately affects the patient’s quality of life. Secondly, asthma imposes a heavy burden on children, families and society. The 2010 Asthma Epidemiological Survey in Suzhou City showed that families of children with asthma spent an average of 4,138 yuan for the treatment of asthma in the largest year and a total medical cost of 12,033 yuan since the disease, which were mainly spent on the treatment of acute asthma attacks. In addition, because most children and their families do not know enough about the causes of asthma, the prevention of attacks, the severity of the disease, and aerosol inhalation techniques, they often seek medical consultation and treatment during acute asthma attacks and neglect health education during the remission period of asthma, resulting in a long-term loss of control during the remission period of children with asthma, and the treatment effect is not effectively consolidated, which increases the recurrence rate of asthma. Due to the poor control of the disease, it is necessary to apply various drugs for years and years and spend a lot of money. According to statistics, the economic burden of asthma on society is more than the sum of tuberculosis and AIDS. In addition, asthma also causes serious adverse effects on patients’ work, study and life. Asthma attacks often cause chest tightness, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, shortness of breath, and asthma attacks at night can seriously affect sleep. In adults, asthma attacks can lead to missed work, which not only directly affects their income, but also causes a lot of inconvenience to the unit and society, which in turn affects their development prospects; in adolescents, recurrent asthma attacks may affect their growth and development, affect their academic performance, and also affect the normal work of their parents. In short, asthma affects the society and economy in various aspects. Therefore, for asthma to be effectively prevented and treated, we cannot only rely on the life-saving power of health care professionals, but also need the awareness and comprehensive prevention and treatment of childhood asthma by families and children, and active cooperation with treatment. Only by giving the knowledge about prevention and treatment to the children’s families and enhancing the children’s awareness of self-care can the medical and nursing staff minimize the dependence of the children’s families on the medical and nursing staff, let the children’s families learn various most basic operations and emergency measures in health education, combine theoretical knowledge and educated, apply them to daily life, establish good lifestyles and health behaviors, and improve the children’s families’ self-consciousness. It is only by adhering to a reasonable treatment plan suitable for the individual that we can reduce asthma attacks, reduce medical costs, maintain long-term stability, prevent recurrence, ensure maximum success of treatment, effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of various complications, reduce the mental and economic burden of the family, and improve the health and quality of life of the child.