Patients with femoral neck fractures tend to have mild hip flexion and knee flexion and external rotation deformities. Fractures of the femoral neck often occur in the elderly, and their incidence increases as people live longer, most often between the ages of 50 and 70. How should a femoral neck fracture be examined? 1.Symptoms Elderly people complaining of hip pain after a fall and afraid to stand and walk should think of the possibility of femoral neck fracture. 2.Signs (1) Deformity: the affected limb has mild hip flexion and knee flexion and external rotation deformity. (2) Pain: In addition to spontaneous pain in the hip, the pain is more obvious when moving the affected limb. Pain is also felt in the hip when the affected limb is tapped at the heel or the greater trochanter, and there is often pressure pain below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament. (3) Swelling: Femoral neck fractures are mostly intracapsular fractures with little bleeding after the fracture and surrounded by extra-articular plump muscles, therefore, local swelling is not easily seen in appearance. (4) Dysfunction: Patients with displaced fractures are unable to sit up or stand after the injury, but there are some cases of nondisplaced linear fractures or insertion fractures that can still walk or ride a bicycle after the injury. Special attention should be paid to these patients. Do not turn a nondisplaced stable fracture into a displaced unstable fracture by missing the diagnosis. In displaced fractures, the distal end is displaced upward by muscle traction and thus the affected limb becomes shorter. (5) Elevation of the greater trochanter on the affected side. This is manifested by: (1) the greater trochanter is above the iliac-sciatic tuberosity line (Nelaton line) (2) the horizontal distance between the greater trochanter and the anterior superior iliac spine is shortened and shorter than that of the healthy side. There are various ways to classify femoral neck fractures, which can be summarized into 3 categories. ①According to the anatomical site of the fracture. ②The direction of the fracture line. ③The degree of fracture displacement. History of trauma, hip pain, inability to stand and walk, typical deformity of hip flexion, knee flexion and external rotation of the affected limb, the greater trochanter on the affected side is above the Nelaton line, and the horizontal distance between the greater trochanter and the anterior superior iliac spine is shorter than that on the healthy side, X-ray and CT examination can establish the diagnosis.