The causes of two-lung apical restrictive emphysema usually mainly include lung infection, aging and breaking of alveolar elastic fibers, and compression or resection of lung tissues.
1. When lung infection occurs, the airways connected to some alveoli will be blocked by sputum or narrowed, which will lead to the obstruction of alveolar exhalation, causing alveolar over-expansion and fracture of alveolar elastic fibers, resulting in the formation of focal emphysema, which will be accompanied by recurrent coughing and shortness of breath, and difficulty in breathing.
2. Along with aging, alveolar elastic fibers will be aged, which will lead to fiber breakage and form focal emphysema.
3. When the surrounding lung tissue is compressed or resected, the compensatory expansion of the alveoli may fail to recover when it reaches a certain level, leading to focal emphysema.