There are two peak incidences of stroke throughout the year, in the midwinter when it is below 0°C and in the high summer when it is above 32°C. As the name suggests, heat stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that occurs in the high summer season and can be a transient ischemic attack (TIA), cerebral infarction, or cerebral hemorrhage.
Three triggers for the onset of the disease
In the onset of heat stroke, blood viscosity changes play an important role. When the temperature is above 32°C, especially when the relative humidity is 70% to 80%, the body maintains body temperature equilibrium mainly through sweating, which is more than 1,000 ml per day. If water is not replenished in time, it will cause insufficient blood volume, increase the number of blood cells and plasma protein concentration, and increase the blood viscosity, resulting in reduced cerebral blood flow and inducing ischemic stroke. Diabetic patients and patients with dyslipidemia are the high-risk groups for ischemic stroke.
Second, climate factors should not be ignored. When the heat is high, the sympathetic excitability of human body increases, which makes people irritable, emotionally unstable and blood pressure fluctuates. When the blood pressure suddenly rises, it can make the atherosclerotic small angioma rupture, causing cerebral hemorrhage.
Of course, the occurrence of heat stroke also has a “human factor” – improper use of air conditioning. When the heat is cool, the air conditioning room temperature is low and the outside temperature disparity is large, frequent access to the room, hot and cold, the elderly, especially hypertensive or atherosclerotic middle-aged and elderly, will occur due to brain blood circulation disorders and stroke.
Pay attention to prevention and enjoy the summer peacefully
Eliminating the unfavorable factors to the human body in the summer, controlling related underlying diseases and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are important steps to prevent heat stroke. In addition to the usual reminders for life such as a balanced diet, non-smoking, less alcohol consumption, and moderate exercise, special attention should be paid in the summer season to.
(1) Avoid or reduce outdoor activities in hot weather.
(2) Replenish sufficient water. Especially for the elderly, you should drink water even if you are not thirsty to prevent blood concentration. The best indicator of drinking sufficient water is a high volume of urine with a clear color. Thick yellow urine indicates insufficient water intake.
(3) When using air conditioning, it is appropriate to control the room temperature at 27℃, and the difference between indoor and outdoor temperature should not exceed 7~8℃. The elderly, especially those suffering from cardiovascular disease is best not to use or use air conditioning as little as possible.
For some high-risk groups, it is not enough to do only the above points, but also to strengthen the intervention of cerebrovascular-related underlying diseases, so that certain aspects meet the standard, in order to make stroke prevention before it happens.
1, hypertension intervention. Control blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg; for hypertensive patients with diabetes and kidney disease, the goal is to lower blood pressure to <130/80 mm Hg. Too low blood pressure is not only unhelpful, but also increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents.
2. Prevention and treatment of heart disease. Non-valvular atrial fibrillation should be examined regularly and treated actively.
3.Prevent and control diabetes. Make fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin reach the standard.
4, obesity intervention. Through dietary restriction and exercise, achieve the ideal control goal in phases. First, a period of 3 months to reduce 5% of body weight; on this basis, with half a year to reduce 5%.
5. Dyslipidemia intervention. For patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease or other peripheral vascular disease, treat with statins to achieve LDL-C <2.6< span=""> mmol/L, and <2.07< span=""> mmol/L for very high-risk stroke patients with diabetes.
6. Intervention for cervical vascular lesions. Ultrasound Doppler examination of neck vessels is recommended for early detection of carotid artery and internal carotid artery lesions and timely intervention.
7. Anti-platelet coagulation drugs. For people with high risk factors for stroke, standardize the use of aspirin or clopidogrel under the guidance of a doctor.
Tips: Stroke warning signs
(1) Transient black haze, foggy vision;
(2) Sudden onset of weakness or numbness of one side of the face or limb;
(3) Sudden onset of aphasia and changes in cognitive and behavioral functions;
(4) Transient episodes of dizziness, lightheadedness, or sudden weakness of limbs and falls;
(5) Sudden and large fluctuations in blood pressure with dizziness, blurred vision, tinnitus or deafness;
(6) Sudden worsening of headache, or change from intermittent headache to persistent severe headache with nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness.