Nowadays, large hospitals generally use hand sanitizers to disinfect the surgical staff before surgery, and patients are disinfected with povidone-iodine. Sterilization of the arms of preoperative surgical personnel includes two steps: first, use hand sanitizer, in accordance with the “seven-step washing method” to thoroughly wash the arms, remove surface stains, and then disinfect with disinfectant. Traditional arm disinfection methods such as soap and water brushing, ethanol soaking method has been rarely used. Nowadays, newer hand disinfectants such as iodophor are generally used for preoperative disinfection. For patients, preoperative skin disinfection begins after anesthesia. The traditional method of skin disinfection involves disinfecting the surgical area with tincture of iodine, drying it, and then removing the tincture by wiping twice with 70% alcohol. In recent years, more and more hospitals have begun to use povidone-iodine for disinfection, with the benefits of being less irritating to the skin and staying on the surface of the skin for a long period of time for a long-lasting disinfecting effect.