With the development of our society and economy, the improvement of material life, the increase of average life expectancy and the gradual aging of our society, the health problems of elderly women are also receiving increasing attention. A woman’s life can be divided into seven stages according to her age and physiological characteristics: fetal period, neonatal period, childhood, adolescence, sexual maturity, menopausal transition, and late menopause. The period from the beginning of ovarian function decline to the last menstruation is called menopausal transition, during which ovarian function gradually declines and menstruation becomes irregular until ovarian function fails and menstruation stops permanently, called menopause. The average age of menopause in Chinese women is around 50 years old. The period from the beginning of the decline of ovarian function to one year after menopause is called perimenopause. In the late menopause, the ovarian function has completely failed, and the whole body has undergone aging changes, and the reproductive organs have further atrophied and aged, mainly due to the low level of estrogen, which is not enough to maintain the secondary female sex characteristics, and is prone to infection and age-related vaginitis, as well as osteoporosis caused by abnormal bone metabolism and fractures. In addition, some neoplastic diseases such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer increase in incidence with age. It is not uncommon for elderly women to suffer from pelvic floor dysfunctional diseases, which greatly affect the health and quality of life of elderly women, so attention should be paid to the health care of elderly women and the treatment and prevention of various diseases. As China gradually enters into an aging society, the proportion of elderly women is increasing. When women enter old age, the incidence of various diseases increases significantly due to the decline of ovarian function, the decrease of estrogen level and the general decrease of anti-infection ability. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the prevention of diseases while we pay more attention to the treatment of diseases: eat properly, balance psychology, exercise appropriately, quit smoking and limit alcohol, establish a healthy lifestyle, enhance physical fitness and improve the ability to resist infection; have regular gynecological checkups to achieve early detection, diagnosis and treatment, and timely treatment of various precancerous lesions can stop the occurrence of invasive cancer; learn knowledge about cancer prevention, increase the consciousness of receiving cancer screening and preventing sexually transmitted diseases; keep the vulva clean and dry, pay attention to personal hygiene; pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life; and pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life. Pay attention to personal hygiene; pay attention to sexual hygiene to reduce sexually transmitted diseases; prevent and treat diseases that increase abdominal pressure, such as chronic cough, habitual constipation and other diseases, and avoid heavy physical labor; if there are menstrual disorders during menopause transition, bleeding after sexual intercourse, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, irregular abdominal pain with lower abdominal mass, etc., timely consultation should be made to exclude gynecological oncological diseases.