Celiac disease is caused by the rupture or obstruction of the thoracic duct for different reasons, resulting in the overflow of celiac fluid into the thoracic cavity. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, with a total length of about 30-1000 px. It originates from the celiac pond in front of the first lumbar vertebrae in the abdominal cavity and travels upward through the aortic foramen through the diaphragm and into the mediastinum. It then follows the right anterior side of the vertebral body and the posterior side of the esophagus upward, and crosses the vertebral body at the fifth thoracic vertebrae obliquely to the left. It travels up the left side of the vertebral body and esophagus to the neck, returns across the subclavian artery posteriorly through the carotid sheath and injects into the left venous angle. Thoracic duct rupture is commonly caused by injury, tuberculosis, filariasis, tumor, etc. Its clinical manifestations are stuffiness and shortness of breath, especially obvious when there is a lot of activity or eating more fatty food. In a small amount of celiac disease, there may be no positive signs; in a large amount, the respiratory movement on the affected side is weakened, the percussion is turbid, and the breath sounds are diminished or absent. Once celiac disease is diagnosed, fasting, blood transfusion, intravenous rehydration, and high nutritional support should be taken immediately. Thoracentesis or closed drainage can completely expand the lung. Those caused by malignant tumors should treat the tumor with radiation. If surgery is needed, it should be performed in a timely manner, and even if surgery is performed, it is not necessarily open-hearted, and minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgical treatment is feasible.