The difficulty in converting hepatitis B carriers to negative is the phenomenon of immune tolerance. What exactly does immune tolerance mean? Immune tolerance is when the body does not respond to a certain antigen and does not produce either cellular or humoral immunity. In layman’s terms, when infected with a virus, the body’s immune cells will produce one or more antibodies against the virus to clear it, whereas in immune tolerance no antibodies are produced. The reasons for immune tolerance may be: 1, exposure to antigenic stimuli during the embryonic and neonatal periods (i.e., the developmental stage of immune cells), no response to antigen due to immaturity of the immune system; it is possible that hepatitis B virus infected in utero belongs to this category, and this type of immune tolerance is more difficult to break. 2. The antigen is in monomeric form and is not phagocytosed. Chronic HBV carriers formed by postnatal infection with HBV may belong to this category, and this type of immune tolerance is easier to break compared to the first case. The above can be interpreted to mean that hepatitis B virus carriers infected through the mother-to-child transmission route are more difficult to convert than those infected in adulthood. The term “hepatitis B virus carrier” is not very scientific in itself, and is actually divided into 2 types: HBVDNA positive and HBVDNA negative. Strictly speaking, if the HBVDNA positive category cannot be considered as a real virus carrier at all, but is only temporarily normal liver function so it is mistakenly considered as a virus carrier (professionally called asymptomatic virus carrier). Perhaps this explanation is not clear to everyone, use an analogy to understand. DNA positivity is like a time bomb hidden in the cellar. If you don’t dig the cellar, you may never find the bomb, but if you keep digging, the bomb may explode unintentionally. Try to avoid all factors that may be damaging to the liver, and pay attention to regular rechecking of virological indicators (including HBVDNA).