Congenital heart disease (congenital heart disease) is a congenital malformation formed by abnormal development of the heart vessels during fetal life, and is the most common heart disease in children. The incidence of congenital heart disease is about 7-8 per 1,000 live births, and about 34% of untreated cases can die within 1 month, 50% die within 1 year of age, and those who die early after birth are mostly with complex malformations or more serious conditions. Ventricular septal defect is the most frequent among all types of precordial diseases, followed by patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot and atrial septal defect. In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric congenital heart disease have made great progress, and many complex heart malformations can be diagnosed and surgically treated in time during infancy or even in the neonatal period, so the prognosis of congenital heart disease has been greatly improved. Congenital heart disease is a malformation caused by abnormal development of the heart vessels during the fetal period. The cause of congenital heart disease is the interruption or abnormality of heart development during the critical period of fetal heart development in the second to eighth week of pregnancy, when the pregnant woman is affected by internal (mainly genetic) factors or external factors (including infection with certain viruses, exposure to large amounts of radiation or taking certain drugs). According to the survey, 8% are genetic factors, 2% are environmental factors, and 90% are caused by multiple factors. The symptoms of congenital heart disease are divided into three major categories according to the direction of blood shunting and anatomical concepts; 1, left-to-right shunting type: including atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, end ductus arteriosus and so on. This type of heart disease has no cyanosis after birth, but cyanosis can appear in the late stage of the disease or in case of severe pneumonia. 2, right-to-left shunt type: also called cyanotic heart disease, such as tetralogy of Fallot. This type of heart disease is characterized by persistent cyanosis soon after birth and rarely lives to the age of 20. 3.No shunt type: There is no blood shunt between different parts of the heart, so there is no cyanosis either, for example, main or pulmonary stenosis. Different congenital heart disease manifests differently, and the presence of congenital heart disease is analyzed from the following aspects: 1. A child with a heart murmur of grade 4 or higher is detected shortly after birth or before the age of 3 or 4. 2, the mother had rubella or “heavy cold” when she was pregnant and took a lot of Chinese and Western medicines. 3, the child was born with poorer development and nutrition than children of the same age; a little activity is easy to shortness of breath, fatigue, repeated pneumonia, and the condition is heavier than the general pneumonia, easy to appear bruises, not easy to heal. 4. The cyanosis is found soon after the birth of the child. If you suspect that your child has congenital heart disease, you should go to the hospital and ask your doctor for an examination. The diagnostic methods of congenital heart disease are getting better day by day, commonly used are electrocardiogram, x-ray examination, echocardiogram examination, which are non-invasive, painless and easy to be accepted by parents and children. These tests can detect abnormalities and malformations in the atria, ventricles and arteries. In particular, echocardiography provides a timed, localized, and quantitatively accurate picture of changes in the heart. It is basically possible to make a diagnosis of heart malformations. Treatment Most congenital heart diseases can be treated surgically.