Patients have usually been diagnosed with uremia for some time before they undergo kidney transplant surgery. A series of symptoms and signs of uremia as well as the disturbance of water-electrolyte balance in the body can have an impact on kidney transplantation. So what are the means by which patients with UTI can adjust their physical condition before undergoing transplantation so as to be in a best condition for the transplantation? Recent studies have shown that the graft survival rate of non-dialysis kidney transplant recipients is comparable to or even better than that of post-dialysis kidney transplant recipients. As long as the patient is in good general condition and a suitable donor kidney is available for immediate transplantation, direct kidney transplantation without dialysis treatment is entirely possible. However, for some patients with uremia who have significant water-electrolyte balance disorders, especially high potassium, and who cannot undergo surgery immediately within a short period of time, dialysis should be actively performed to reduce water and sodium retention, control hypertension, and improve cardiac function so that the patient’s body can undergo transplantation in “ideal” conditions. The patient’s body should be in “ideal” condition for transplantation. Correction of anemia Uremic patients have varying degrees of anemia because their kidneys cannot secrete erythropoietin. However, multiple transfusions prior to transplantation may increase the chance of sensitization and increase the PRA positivity rate to more than 50%. For uremic patients, anemia can be corrected by supplementation with erythropoietin, iron and folic acid. However, hemoglobin should not be too high, if it is >110g/L, it increases the risk of postoperative transplant kidney thrombosis because of increased blood viscosity. Third, control infection Pre-operative patients need to receive including skin, oral and dental, otorhinolaryngology, urinary tract, respiratory system and other places to check, there are infectious lesions must be controlled or removed. Prevent viruses, tuberculosis and other infections to reduce the occurrence of infection after transplantation. The removal of the diseased kidney is usually not advocated for uremic patients. After kidney transplantation, the residual kidney function of bilateral diseased kidneys will disappear soon because the transplanted kidneys will function immediately and both kidneys will atrophy, which generally will not have adverse effects on the organism. However, the following cases should still be considered for removal of the diseased kidney before surgery: 1. huge polycystic kidney; 2. renin-dependent hypertension, which is difficult to be controlled by dialysis and antihypertensive treatment; 3. severe urinary tract obstruction, which is easily complicated by urinary tract infection after surgery; 4. recurrent pyelonephritis; 5. severe renal tuberculosis; 6. others, such as massive hematuria and proteinuria. V. Urethral obstruction The urethral obstruction must be lifted before transplantation, such as urethral stricture endotomy or plication, prostatectomy, urethral valvotomy, etc. Anti-viral treatment Because of the large amount and long-term use of immunosuppressants in post-transplant patients, patients with preoperative viral hepatitis (including hepatitis B and C virus carriers) are at risk of developing post-operative fulminant hepatitis and therefore need to be handled with special caution. Renal transplantation should be contraindicated for those with active hepatitis and abnormal liver function in the near future. Preoperative treatment with antiviral drugs, drugs to improve the immunity of the body and liver function should be used, and transplantation should be considered after the liver function has returned to normal with antiviral treatment. Seven, tissue matching 1, ABO blood type. Donor-recipient selection must have the same blood type, otherwise hyperacute rejection is likely to occur. 2.Population reactive antibody (PRA). Pre-operative detection of the recipient’s PRA, because PRA-positive patients receiving transplants are prone to hyper-acute rejection or acute rejection, for such patients it is recommended to postpone surgery, after pretreatment to reduce the level of HLA antibodies before surgery. In conclusion, transplanted kidney is not easy to come by. To increase the success rate of kidney transplantation, it is necessary to follow up regularly in preoperative clinics to adjust the physical condition in time so that the body is in the most ideal condition for the surgery.