The BRAF gene is a proto-oncogene, and V600E represents one of the most mutated loci in the BRAF gene, which is often mutated in melanoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer, and is currently most commonly used in the adjuvant diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The detection of BRAF-V600E mutation can improve the sensitivity of thyroid puncture for malignant lesions, which means that if the mutation is detected, the diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer can basically be confirmed. The American expert consensus states that patients with thyroid nodules are recommended to use the molecular marker BRAF gene as an aid to diagnosis when cytological examination is inconclusive.