(Disclaimer: This article is only for popular science purposes, in order to protect the privacy of patients, the following content of the relevant information has been dealt with) Abstract: A mother holding a 3-week-old child came to the pediatrics department of the hospital, the mother said that in the past two days the child did not like to breastfeeding, depressed, lethargic, sleepy all day long, and did not cry much. After careful physical examination, no obvious abnormality was found, but the blood test showed that C-reactive protein was obviously elevated. Considering that it was a neonatal infection, she was admitted to the hospital in a timely manner, and was given active medication to fight infection, and her condition gradually improved, and the child ate her milk normally and had a good mental state. Basic information] Female, 3 weeks [Type of disease] Neonatal infection [Hospital] Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital [Date of consultation] June 2021 [Treatment plan] Medication (injectable penicillin sodium) + prudent feeding [Treatment cycle] Hospitalization for 7 days, outpatient follow-up after 3 days [Effect of treatment] Normal temperature, normal milk intake, no abnormal crying, good mental state I. Initial interview One day, a mother brought her 3-year-old child to the hospital. In the evening, a mother brought her 3-week-old child to the clinic, saying that in the past two days, the child was depressed, wanted to sleep all the time, was lethargic, cried with no energy, and did not eat well, with no fever, cough, runny nose, vomiting or diarrhea. After careful physical examination, there was no abnormality on cardiopulmonary auscultation, abdominal examination was normal, there was no rash on the body, no redness or swelling of the skin mucosa near the urethra, and the pharynx was slightly red. After inquiring about the history, the child was exclusively breastfed, the mother had a cold and fever in the past two days and was taking cephalosporin, and a blood test was done for the child, which revealed that the C-reactive protein was 32.8mg/L, which was significantly higher, and was considered to be a neonatal infection. After the hospitalization of the child, relevant examinations were completed, including blood and urine routine, liver and kidney function, cardiac enzyme profile, electrolytes, as well as calcitoninogen, blood sedimentation, blood culture, etc., which were used to analyze the specific nature and extent of the infection, and it was diagnosed as a neonatal infection caused by bacteria after careful examination. Intravenous infusion of injectable penicillin sodium was given for anti-infective treatment, along with cautious feeding. After completing the 7-day course of treatment, the C-reactive protein and other related tests were normalized, and the related bacterial culture results were negative. After timely and standardized anti-infective treatment and meticulous care, the mental state of the child improved significantly, with better feeding, normal urination and defecation, more energetic, no drowsiness and convulsions. Physical examination was clear, good response, stable respiration, no abnormality in cardiopulmonary auscultation, C-reactive protein index was reduced to normal, and related bacterial culture was negative. He was discharged at 7 days of hospitalization. After the child was discharged from the hospital, he was asked to continue to be observed, and returned to the hospital for follow-up 3 days later. At the time of review, the mother of the child said that he had completely returned to normal, and had no further discomfort. After 1 week of treatment, the child’s condition improved and he regained his vitality, which made the attending doctor very happy. After the child was discharged from the hospital, parents should pay attention to the hygiene and cleanliness of the surrounding environment, open the windows and ventilate the room appropriately, increase or decrease the clothes for the child according to the temperature, and don’t take the child to crowded places. Observe the child’s mental state, respiratory rate, bowel movements and milk intake, and consult the doctor if there is any abnormality. If the family members have colds or diarrhea, pay attention to isolation and protection so as not to infect the child. If breastfeeding, the mother can wear a mask to feed the child, if necessary, can be temporarily changed to formula feeding. V. Personal perception of newborn infection is often more insidious symptoms, sometimes only manifested as not eating milk, do not cry, inactivity, temperature does not rise, weight does not increase, jaundice does not go away, etc., so it is not easy to be associated with the infection and lead to underdiagnosis. Therefore, parents should observe the condition of the child as the mother did in the case, and pay attention to the time when the abnormal manifestations appeared, whether they appeared within 7 days or after 7 days, which can help to determine whether the infection is originated from the mother’s body or external infection. 3-week-old newborns with infections are mostly caused by infections from the surrounding environment, so parents should pay attention to the fact that if their own health condition is not good, they should not be in close contact with the child, in order to avoid causing infections and jaundice, which may lead to infection. Parents should be careful not to have close contact with the baby if they are not in good health, so as not to cause infection in the baby, and to seek medical attention in time, as the prognosis is usually good after treatment.