The long-awaited era of “two children” has finally arrived. The post-70s generation, who have the idea of having a second child, is the group of people who benefit the most from the adjustment of the fertility policy and who cannot afford to wait, and they are in a race against time, hoping to give birth to a second child before they lose their ability to have children. How to make good preparations for pregnancy and give birth to a second child as soon as possible has become a topic of great concern to everyone. However, before starting the second child “fatherhood”, these steps can not be saved: pre-pregnancy examination of the man 1, semen examination This is the most basic and important way to determine the fertility of men, mainly including sperm count, vitality, morphology, sperm acrosome function, sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation and infection indicators. It is best to abstain from sex (no ejaculation behaviors such as intercourse or masturbation) for 3~5 days before coming to the hospital for semen check, because too short or too long an abstinence time can cause inaccurate semen test results. Increasing age, bad habits such as staying up late and smoking and drinking, high work pressure, environmental pollution, diabetes and other underlying diseases can have a cumulative effect on the damage to male fertility, resulting in poorer sperm quality and diminished sexual function. In particular, “senior” fathers over the age of 40 are more likely to have decreased sperm fertilization and increased sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, which may lead to difficulties in conceiving naturally and increase the risk of fetal miscarriage, making it all the more important to undergo a pre-pregnancy semen test. When an abnormal semen test is detected, it is important to treat it under the supervision of a male physician. At present, most of the semen abnormalities can be improved or cured through reasonable treatment. 2. Sexual function assessment As men get older, many of them suffer from sexual dysfunction such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation or ejaculatory difficulties, which can cause discord in the couple’s sex life, affect the couple’s relationship, and in serious cases, cause infertility. To determine whether a man’s sexual function is normal or not, it mainly relies on the male doctor to ask about the performance of the male partner during sex, and if necessary, sex hormone and other tests can be done. At present, most of the sexual dysfunction can be improved or cured through reasonable treatment. Peripheral blood chromosome karyotype of both husband and wife Chromosome karyotype is a basic indicator reflecting whether the human genetic material is normal or not. Parents with abnormal chromosome karyotypes will have a much higher probability of serious chromosome abnormalities in their offspring than normal people, and they are especially prone to fetal malformations and miscarriages. Even if you have already given birth to a healthy offspring, it does not mean that your parents’ karyotype must be normal, because parents with abnormal karyotype have the probability of giving birth to a healthy offspring when they are lucky, so will you still be lucky when you give birth to your second child? It is better to take a checkup for peace of mind, and the results will be valid for life. Even if the test reveals abnormal karyotype, it is not scary because the third generation IVF technology can help parents with abnormal karyotype to choose to give birth to healthy offspring with normal karyotype. 4.Thalassemia Gene Mutation Test Thalassemia is caused by mutation of human bead protein gene, including α and β types. α thalassemia fetus is prone to intrauterine death or premature postnatal death and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in the middle and late stages of pregnancy; β thalassemia can lead to fetal death or disability. Couples carrying thalassemia gene mutations may not develop the disease themselves, but the risk of developing the disease in their offspring will be greatly increased. Therefore, in areas with high incidence of thalassemia, such as Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province and Hainan Province, couples of childbearing age should be tested for thalassemia gene mutation, and at the same time, with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) or prenatal diagnosis, the birth of thalassemia-affected children can be prevented. 5.Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) test mainly includes syphilis, AIDS, herpes virus and chlamydia test. Men who have prostitutes and other unclean sexual behaviors are advised to go to the venereal disease department of a regular public hospital for a check-up before having a second child. When STDs are found, they must be treated promptly so as not to affect the woman’s pregnancy and the health of the next generation. Adjust habits and diet to stay away from harmful environments Bad habits such as staying up late, smoking and drinking can cause a decline in male fertility and increase the risk of fetal malformations and miscarriages. Because the sperm production cycle is about 3 months, so the father of the second child, it is best to start 3 to 6 months in advance to adjust the habits of life, scientific and rational diet and away from harmful environments, commonly known as “closed mountains and forests. 1, do not stay up all night Staying up all night and lack of sleep has become the number one killer of male reproductive health. Staying up late can lead to spermatogenic dysfunction, resulting in reduced sperm count, poorer vitality, higher deformity and DNA fragmentation rates, which can easily lead to male infertility and female miscarriage. Often stay up late will also lead to male reproductive endocrine disorders and decreased immunity, causing low libido, impotence, premature ejaculation and other sexual dysfunctions, easy to suffer from chronic prostatitis and epididymitis. Men should avoid staying up late, go to bed before 11:00 p.m., to ensure that 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. this 8 hours of effective sleep time. 2, quit smoking Smoking can cause a reduction in the number of sperm, sperm cell membrane and DNA damage, long-term smoking or inhalation of second-hand smoke is likely to cause male infertility and impotence, female miscarriage and fetal malformation. Some studies have shown that quitting smoking can improve semen quality. 3, drink less alcohol Excessive alcohol consumption can affect sperm production and development and maturation, resulting in decreased sperm fertilization ability, may also cause low libido, impotence, premature ejaculation and other sexual dysfunctions, which is prone to cause male infertility. It is recommended to drink less alcohol, especially do not drink high liquor and foreign wine. 4, avoid sedentary sedentary or cycling, driving and other behaviors will make men sit too long, will cause the male reproductive organs (testicles, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle glands) blood circulation is not smooth, so that men are prone to chronic prostatitis and epididymitis; will also cause the testicular temperature will rise, direct damage to testicular spermatogenesis, which will lead to a decline in the quality of spermatozoa. It is recommended that sedentary men stand up and move around at least every half an hour. 5, avoid high temperature testicular spermatozoa generated by the appropriate temperature than the body temperature is also lower than 1 ~ 2 degrees (35.6 ℃ ~ 36 ℃, the temperature exceeds 37 ℃ will cause damage to spermatozoa), high temperatures will seriously damage the testicular spermatogenic function. Men in their reproductive years should try to avoid wearing tight underwear and thick pants, hot springs, sauna, laptop computers directly on their knees and other behaviors, and avoid working in kitchens, boiler rooms and other high-temperature environments. 6, moderate physical exercise and sports Daily exercise for half an hour to one hour, such as jogging or walking, for improving sexual function and fertility is helpful. But don’t be overly tired because too intense exercise can lead to endocrine disruption and decreased immunity. 7. Reasonable diet The production and development of sperms require adequate intake of protein, vitamins and trace elements. Genetically modified foods may cause infertility, and spicy foods can easily induce diseases such as prostatitis. Therefore, men should eat more eggs, milk, beef, lamb, corn, walnuts, oysters, apples and tomatoes and other fresh fruits and vegetables, and try to avoid spicy foods and genetically modified foods. 8, avoid contact with toxic chemicals and radiation X-rays, marble release of excessive rays, chemotherapeutic drugs, pesticides, insecticides, paints, formaldehyde, benzene, heavy metals (such as aluminum, lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.), welding, printing and dyeing and plastics manufacturing and other work environments, which may result in a decline in the number of spermatozoa and vitality, deformity rate and DNA fragmentation rate increased, seriously impairing male fertility, should try to avoid contact. 9, avoid excessive exposure to electromagnetic radiation sperm is very sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, excessive exposure to electromagnetic radiation will cause a decline in sperm quality and sperm DNA damage, may cause male infertility and female miscarriage. It is recommended not to place cell phones and computers with wireless Internet access turned on too close to the scrotum, and not to stay too long near equipment with strong electromagnetic radiation such as WiFi transmitters, electromagnetic wave transmission towers, high-voltage substations and radar stations. 10, avoid emotional tension and anxiety Mental stress will affect spermatogenesis and sexual function through the neuroendocrine system, resulting in decreased sperm quality and sexual dysfunction. Men should learn to reduce stress and self-regulation of emotions, to maintain a comfortable mood, is conducive to improving sexual function and improve semen quality. Adequate and regular sex life Adequate and regular sex life is not only conducive to men to maintain good sexual function and improve the quality of sperm, but also can improve the success rate of natural pregnancy. When couples try to get pregnant, as long as the woman is not in menstruation, it is best to insist on sexual intercourse every 3 to 4 days, which is conducive to improving the success rate of pregnancy. Women are most likely to get pregnant during ovulation, and can have intercourse every two days during ovulation to increase their chances of getting pregnant. Under normal menstruation, from the first day of the next menstrual period, counting down 14 days is the “possible day of ovulation”, 5 days before the day of ovulation and 4 days after the day of ovulation, including the day of ovulation, a total of 10 days is known as the period of ovulation. It is recommended that the woman use “ovulation test paper” to monitor ovulation, which can more accurately determine the day of ovulation. If necessary, use assisted reproductive technology The man can try to get pregnant after the above preparations. However, if the woman has not gotten pregnant after trying for more than one year without using contraception, she is considered infertile. In this case, it is necessary to come to the Center for Reproductive Medicine as soon as possible, and if necessary, under the guidance of the doctor can choose artificial insemination and IVF and other assisted reproductive technology to improve the success rate of pregnancy.