In life, we often see some people “suddenly faint, loss of consciousness”, some people repeatedly “palpitations, panic”, some people suddenly “dazed, dazed”, some people consciously Some people have “flashes of light and blackness in front of their eyes”, some people feel “chills and shaking of the limbs”, some people have “red face and ears and twitching of the limbs after getting angry, and the more people they see, the more they twitch, and they can’t stop for a long time. “Some people repeatedly have “sudden limb weakness and abnormal posture when they want to start walking”. Is it a hysterical seizure? Is it a disorder of consciousness caused by cardiac arrhythmia? Is it hypotensive shock? Or is it seizure posture-induced dystonia (PKD)? How should it be treated? These questions are not only the concern of patients and their families, but also the key for clinicians to analyze and discriminate the condition, and in this process of discriminating and diagnosing, an indispensable test is EEG. It is well known that epilepsy is a chronic disease in neurology, characterized by abnormal neuronal discharges in the brain, and it is estimated that there are about 9 million epilepsy patients in China, and about 650,000 new epilepsy patients nationwide each year. However, there are many antiepileptic drugs and different conditions, which antiepileptic drug to choose? Among them, the most critical is the clear determination of the type of epilepsy and epilepsy syndrome, and EEG monitoring to observe the characteristics of the EEG activity is an indispensable monitoring tool. Moreover, regular monitoring is required during the course of chronic disease. Why is it necessary to check the EEG? EEG is currently the only means to monitor changes in brain function in real time. EEG records normal and abnormal EEG activity during the testing process, which is irreplaceable by other testing techniques for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of seizure disorders such as epilepsy, and even more so for the preoperative evaluation of patients with refractory epilepsy, which provides strong support for the localization of epileptic foci. In addition to seizures, abnormal EEG discharges can be recorded in many different situations, such as brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, stroke, etc. The typical form of discharges is the “slow wave”. Some of these discharges are indicative of seizures. Doctors call these abnormal brain waves “abnormal epileptiform discharges” or epileptic waves, including spikes, slow spikes, and sharp waves. When spike or spike-slow wave discharges are confined to a certain area of the brain, such as the temporal lobe, it suggests that some partial seizure discharges may originate in this area. In contrast, idiopathic generalized epilepsy may record widespread synchronized spike-slow wave discharge activity in both hemispheres. So which type of EEG monitoring is chosen? First, long-range video EEG monitoring: is a diagnostic technique used for epilepsy or seizures. The monitoring requires the patient to be hospitalized for a period of time, usually 2 days. During the monitoring process the patient receives continuous monitoring and recording of the video camera and EEG monitoring. Video EEG monitoring allows accurate observation and analysis of the relationship between behavior and EEG discharges during seizures. Second, short-range video EEG monitoring: due to the regularity and tolerance of sleep physiology in pediatric epilepsy patients, the monitoring time is shortened under the condition of ensuring the acquisition of sleep cycles. Through video EEG monitoring, it is beneficial to identify seizures and non-epileptic seizures, determine the type of seizures, and moreover, provide irreplaceable guidance for the reduction and discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs. Thirdly, high-density video localization EEG monitoring: it is a latest world advanced technique for epilepsy diagnosis and lesion localization. EEG origin localization/high-density epileptic EEG localization monitoring has high-density electrode lead distribution with ECG and EMG fusion analysis, which can accurately record the relationship between seizure and epileptic discharge origin recorded by video and improve the diagnosis of epilepsy type and localization of epileptic lesions, which is the latest technology in the world epileptology. For patients with refractory epilepsy, especially those with surgically indicated refractory epilepsy, it is an indispensable monitoring tool to monitor the origin of intracerebral discharges during seizures and to assess whether the patient is suitable for surgical treatment. Fourth: Intracranial electrode video EEG monitoring: When scalp video EEG recording and neuroimaging cannot provide sufficient evidence for surgery, it is necessary to perform intracranial electrode video EEG monitoring, i.e., intracranial electrode video EEG detection, i.e., electrodes are placed on the brain surface after craniotomy to record brain discharge activity more accurately. The results of intracranial electrode EEG monitoring can ultimately guide the clinician to identify the “epileptic zone of origin” (i.e., the area of the brain where seizures begin) and assist the surgeon in more accurately removing the focal area or disconnecting the epileptic zone of origin from normal brain tissue, while also maximizing the preservation of functional brain areas. Many epilepsy patients ask what is the risk of EEG? What do I need to do before having an EEG? So: Can video EEG monitoring be harmful? No. Patients will not experience pain or discomfort when having a video EEG test. What do I need to do to prepare for a video EEG test? Eat and drink normally. Wash your hair and do not use hairspray, hair oil or hair dye after washing your hair. Continue taking antiepileptic medications unless the clinician informs the patient of a change in treatment regimen. To take into account the effect of medications on EEG activity, please list in detail the medications the patient has taken and the dosage of the medications used. What should I be aware of during video EEG monitoring? Minimize picking up and patting of infants and children to avoid interference with EEG due to motion artifacts that may not be recognized. When a patient has a seizure, immediately lift the covers to expose the limbs, pull up the bed rails, turn on the fluorescent lights, and ring the bedside call bell. Accompanying staff should not press or move the patient during a seizure.