Somatoform disorder is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent fears or beliefs about the predominance of various somatic symptoms. Patients repeatedly seek medical attention for these symptoms, and various negative medical tests and physician explanations fail to dispel their doubts. Even though sometimes the patient does have some kind of somatic disorder, it does not explain the nature of the symptoms, their degree or the patient’s distress and predominant perception. These somatic symptoms are thought to be the result of psychological conflicts and personality tendencies, but for patients, they refuse to explore the possibility of a psychological etiology even if the symptoms are closely related to stressful life events or psychological conflicts. Patients are often accompanied by anxiety or depression. Most of these patients are initially seen in internal and external medicine, and psychiatrists often encounter cases with many years of experience, extensive clinical examination data, and poor results after multiple medications and even surgical procedures. The current low recognition rate of these patients by general practitioners often leads to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders, resulting in a huge waste of medical resources. Somatoform disorders include somatization disorders, undifferentiated somatoform disorders, hypochondriac disorders, somatoform autonomic dysfunction, somatoform pain disorders, and many other forms. The disorder is more common in women, and the age of onset tends to be before 30 years of age. Few systematic observations have been reported regarding the prognosis of somatoform disorders. It is generally accepted that the prognosis is good for those who have an acute onset with significant psychogenic triggers. If the onset of the disease is slow and the duration of the disease lasts more than 2 years, the prognosis is poor. (I) Somatization disorder Somatization disorder is a tendency to experience and express somatic discomfort and somatic symptoms that cannot be explained by pathological findings, but patients attribute it to a somatic illness and seek medical help accordingly. The symptoms can involve any part or organ of the body, and various medical tests cannot confirm any organic lesion sufficient to explain their somatic symptoms, often leading to repeated visits to the doctor and significant social dysfunction, often accompanied by significant anxiety and depression. The disease mostly starts before the age of 30, is more common in women, and has a duration of at least 2 years. (B) Somatoform autonomic disorder Somatoform autonomic disorder is a neurological syndrome caused by the occurrence of somatic disorders in autonomic innervated organ systems (such as cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system and genitourinary system). The main feature is the presence of significant autonomic arousal symptoms, which the patient insists on attributing to a specific organ or system, and none of these symptoms on examination proves that a somatic disorder has occurred in the organ or system in question. The patient turns to the various departments of the general hospital believing that this is the predominant notion of a serious illness, and repeated reassurances and explanations by the physician are of no avail. (iii) Hypochondriasis The main clinical manifestation of hypochondriasis, also known as hypochondriac disorder, is the predominant persistent predominant notion of fear or belief that one is suffering from a serious somatic disease (hypochondriac notion), where the patient has persistent somatic complaints or predominant notions about somatic appearance, and normal or ordinary sensations and appearances are often seen by the patient as abnormal or distressing. Patients repeatedly seek medical attention for such symptoms, and negative findings on various medical tests and physician explanations do not allay the patient’s concerns. Even if the patient does have some somatic disorder, it does not explain the nature or extent of the patient’s stated symptoms or the patient’s perception of distress and dominance. Most patients are accompanied by anxiety and depression. Patients mainly present with excessive worry about their health or illness, fear that they have some serious illness, or the perception that they have suffered from some serious illness and feel worried. The severity of their worries is very disproportionate to the actual health condition of the patient. These patients are particularly alert to changes in their bodies, and any small changes in body function will draw the patient’s attention. Although the results of various tests do not support the patient’s speculation, and the doctor patiently explains and repeatedly assures the patient that there is no serious disease, the patient is often skeptical about the reliability of the test results, disappointed by the doctor’s explanation, and still insists on his or her suspicion of illness, and continues to go to various hospitals to repeatedly request tests or treatment. (iv) Persistent somatic form of pain disorder Somatic form of pain disorder is a persistent and severe pain that cannot be rationally explained by physiological processes or somatic disorders, and patients often feel distressed and have impaired social functioning. Emotional conflicts or psychosocial problems are directly related to the onset of pain and are sufficient to conclude that they are the primary causative agent. Medical examination does not reveal corresponding organic changes at the site of pain. The course of the disease is often prolonged and lasts for more than 6 months. The common sites of pain are headache, atypical facial pain, low back pain and chronic pelvic pain, which can be located on the body surface, deep tissues or visceral organs and can be dull, distending, aching or sharp in nature. The peak age of onset is 30 to 50 years old, and it is more common in women. Patients often seek repeated medical attention for pain complaints, take multiple medications, some even lead to sedative pain medication dependence, and are associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Patients with persistent somatoform pain are only a subgroup of patients with pain who repeatedly seek treatment for their pain, have specific behavioral patterns, and exhibit pain syndromes including atypical facial pain, chronic pelvic pain, chronic lower back pain, and recurrent or persistent headaches. Patients with pain disorders share characteristics such as a tendency to focus all of their attention on their pain and to use pain to explain all of their problems. They deny the existence of psychiatric and interpersonal problems unless they are directly related to the pain. They often ask doctors to help them explain their pain, and they are willing to undergo various treatments in order to relieve it. As the pain persists and recurs, their original family dynamic structure is altered and pain becomes the focus of family life. Patients with pain disorders have a higher probability of co-morbidity with other psychiatric disorders.