Anterior median cervical cysts, also known as congenital thyroglossal cysts, arise when the thyroglossal ducts have not degenerated or have not completely degenerated and disappeared during thyroidogenesis, and surgical complete removal is currently advocated. During surgery, a curved transverse incision centered on the cyst in line with the dermatomal pattern is made and the cyst is separated to reveal the cyst. If the patient’s cyst is deep enough to reach the root blind hole, it should be traced along the fistula to the root of the tongue, where the root of the fistula is ligated and the entire diseased tissue is removed from the base of the tongue. A space may be left between the broken ends of the hyoid bone to suture it back together for repair, and a rubber drainage strip is placed. Postoperative care should be observed after surgery. Edema at the base of the mouth may cause dyspnea, and tracheotomy should be done promptly in cases of severe respiratory obstruction. Anterior median neck cyst is a congenital disease, there is no good preventive measures, early diagnosis and treatment is the key. Patients should eat more vegetables and fruits to supplement vitamins after surgery, which is also crucial for postoperative recovery.