Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in anorectal diseases and a lifestyle disease, which is treated mainly by surgery, but postoperative clinical condition observation is very important, which directly affects the process of patients’ health recovery. Then what aspects should be noted in postoperative condition observation? 1.Since general anesthesia is mostly used for rectal cancer patients, patients are usually given low-flow oxygen, cardiac monitoring and oxygen saturation measurement after surgery, and medical personnel will pay attention to observe patients’ respiratory heart rate and oxygen saturation to keep the airway open and prevent respiratory complications. 2. The medical staff will explain the patient’s companion to simply check the above indicators and inform the medical staff in time. Take the flat position when the general anesthesia is not awake, and give the semi-recumbent position after the postoperative awakening to facilitate the absorption of exudate, mobilize the patient to turn more, promote the recovery of intestinal peristalsis, and get out of bed early to prevent intestinal mucus healing and accelerate rapid postoperative recovery. 3, postoperative observation of the incision dressing exudation, pay attention to the protection of the abdominal wall incision and pay attention to the observation of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, abdominal enlargement and other abdominal conditions. At the same time, observe the amount and nature of drainage fluid, keep the drainage tube unobstructed, avoid distortion and pressure, if the amount of drainage fluid is large and bright red, it should be promptly reported to the doctor for treatment. 4. After abdominal surgery, patients dare not cough or cough up sputum because of fear of pain or poor physical strength, and rectal cancer patients are mostly elderly patients who are more likely to have combined lung infection. In order to prevent the occurrence of this complication, patients should be told the importance of coughing, actively encouraged and assisted in coughing and sputum excretion, turned and patted every two hours after surgery to help patients excrete sputum. 5, the abdomen has a fistula mouth fistula mouth daily with saline cleaning, and in the fistula mouth around the pad of oil gauze, cleaning attention to observe the color of the fistula mouth and the surrounding skin conditions; protection of the skin around the fistula mouth to reduce the irritation of intestinal fluid and eczema, commonly used to protect the zinc oxide ointment or moist burn cream. The fistula is a very important part of the fistula. 6, patients and their families should master the method of replacing the artificial anal bag, so that patients can self-care after discharge. And pay attention to whether there is abdominal distension, abdominal pain, artificial anal stenosis or defecation difficulties, and inform the medical staff in a timely manner if there is any abnormality.