According to the American Cancer Society, bladder cancer currently ranks as the fourth most common cancer diagnosed in the U.S. In 2011, 69,250 new cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in the U.S. The median age of patients diagnosed was 65 years. The median age of patients diagnosed is 65 years old, and men are three times more likely to be diagnosed than women. The incidence of bladder cancer in China is slightly lower than that in the U.S. However, in recent years, the number of new cases of bladder cancer in China has been growing rapidly, and more and more patients of younger ages are appearing. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the early clinical manifestations of bladder tumors and correctly recognize the diagnosis and treatment principles of bladder tumors for the prevention and treatment of these tumors. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), also known as superficial bladder cancer, refers to a type of bladder cancer that does not have invasive growth within the epithelium, and does not form invasive papilloma or invasive carcinoma. This type of bladder cancer accounts for about 75%-85% of primary bladder tumors, including bladder cancer Ta stage, T1 stage and Tis stage (bladder carcinoma in situ), of which bladder cancer Ta stage accounts for about 70%, T1 stage accounts for 20% and bladder carcinoma in situ accounts for 10%. Although both stage Ta and stage T1 bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancers, the biological characteristics of the two are significantly different. Due to the abundance of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the lamina propria of the bladder, bladder cancer of stage T1 is more prone to tumor spread. Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) refers to bladder cancer whose infiltration depth reaches the muscular layer of the bladder or above. According to the TNM staging of AJCC in 2002, bladder tumors with T2-T4 stage account for about 20% of all bladder tumors diagnosed for the first time, and about 15%-20% of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer diagnosed for the first time. invasive bladder cancer will progress to invasive bladder cancer. Currently, it is believed that the best way to confirm invasive bladder cancer is diagnostic TURBT, but because the physical damage to the tissue at the base of the cyst during electrocautery often affects the accuracy of the histopathologic diagnosis, it is still considered clinically significant to perform a second electrocautery 4-6 weeks later for bladder cancer patients who have high-risk factors but whose diagnosis from the initial TURBT is superficial disease. Radical total cystectomy is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and the scope of the procedure includes pelvic lymph node dissection, bladder and surrounding fat, and distal ureter; it also includes the prostate and seminal vesicles in men, and the uterus, adnexa, and anterior vaginal wall in women. If the tumor involves the urethra of the prostate in men or the neck of the bladder in women, urethral evacuation is considered. Radical cystectomy is inevitably accompanied by urinary diversion or reconstruction, and the main methods include in situ bladder surgery, storage bladder surgery and ureteral skin stoma. This procedure is important for the patient’s postoperative quality of life and should be considered in the light of tumor control, patient wishes and surgeon competence, and there is no universally accepted standard for the specific modality to be chosen. Some studies have demonstrated that 2-4 courses of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy can prolong the long-term prognosis of patients with invasive bladder cancer without increasing surgical complications. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with surgically pathologically proven pelvic lymph node metastases can help prolong tumor-free survival. The easiest way to prevent bladder cancer Drinking plenty of water is the best preventive measure against bladder cancer. Harvard University researchers conducted a 10-year tracking study on nearly 50,000 American men aged 40 to 75, and found that those men who drank 6-10 large glasses of plain water every day reduced the risk of bladder cancer by half compared with those who drank only 1 large glass of water every day. It is worth noting that drinking water must be boiled before drinking, the water temperature at 90 ℃, the water contains carcinogens fontanel hydrocarbons, chloroform content will increase when the water temperature reaches 100 ℃, these two harmful substances will be evaporated with the water vapor and greatly reduced, continue to boil for 3 minutes, it is safe to drink. In addition, in the daily diet, often eat cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, cauliflower, radish, cabbage, rape, water chestnut, etc., and eat more kiwi, figs, bananas, jujubes and other fresh fruits will also help people away from bladder cancer.