Gallstone disease: including stones that occur in the gallbladder and bile ducts, is a common and frequent disease. Gallbladder stones are mainly seen in adults and are common in women. The cause of gallbladder stones is very complex and is due to a combination of factors. It is currently believed that the basic factor is a change in the composition and physicochemical properties of the bile. About 20-40% of patients with gallbladder stones may remain asymptomatic for life, but may also present with dyspepsia, biliary colic or acute or chronic cholecystitis. For symptomatic gallbladder stones, surgery should be performed in a timely manner; for asymptomatic gallbladder stones, surgery should also be considered in cases of large stones, combined gallbladder polyps, and combined porcelain gallbladder. Bile duct stones can be divided into extrahepatic bile duct stones and intrahepatic bile duct stones according to their location. The clinical manifestations depend on the presence of infection and obstruction. When the stone is obstructed with secondary infection, it may manifest as abdominal pain, chills and high fever and jaundice. The treatment of bile duct stones is mainly surgical. The aim is to remove as many stones as possible, relieve biliary strictures and obstruction, remove infected lesions, and keep bile drainage open. Acute obstructive septic cholangitis: It is an acute inflammation of the biliary system caused by bacterial infection, which occurs on the basis of biliary obstruction, and acute obstructive septic cholangitis may occur if the obstruction is not released and the infection is not controlled. The most common cause of this disease is bile duct stones. The disease has a rapid onset and progresses rapidly, and may manifest as abdominal pain, chills, high fever, jaundice, as well as shock and neurocentral system depression. The principle of treatment for acute obstructive septic cholangitis is emergency surgery to relieve biliary obstruction and drainage; if surgery is not performed, the disease may develop rapidly with shock and a very high mortality rate. Gallbladder cancer: It is the most common malignant lesion in the biliary system. There is no clear cause of gallbladder cancer, but 70% of patients are associated with the presence of gallbladder stones. Early stage gallbladder cancer has no specific symptoms, while when the tumor invades into the plasma membrane or gallbladder bed, localized symptoms such as right upper abdominal pain appear. Surgical resection is preferred for the treatment of gallbladder cancer, and the surgical method is selected according to the degree of lesion. The prognosis of gallbladder cancer is related to the stage, but the overall prognosis is very poor. Bile duct cancer: It is a malignant tumor occurring in extrahepatic bile ducts, and can be divided into upper, middle and lower bile duct cancer according to the growth site. Clinical manifestations mainly include jaundice, enlarged gallbladder, enlarged liver, biliary tract infection, etc. Bile duct cancer should be treated mainly by surgery, and the surgical methods for resection of different parts are different. The prognosis of bile duct cancer patients is related to the stage and treatment methods, etc. The prognosis of patients with late tumor stage and inoperable radical resection is very poor.