With the improvement of people’s living standards and the development of medical and health care, people’s life expectancy is relatively longer, and many problems concerning the elderly are increasingly attracting the attention of society, especially pruritus is seriously affecting the daily life of the elderly. Pruritus is an abnormal neurological skin disease caused by various causes of itchy skin symptoms without any primary rash, scratch marks, blood scabs, pigmentation, and mossiness due to scratching. Pruritus manifests as generalized and limited, with limited pruritus often occurring around the lower legs, scrotum, vulva, and anus. Now briefly introduce the causes and prevention of pruritus in the elderly. Causes 1, environmental factors winter cold skin too dry, low humidity, hot summer skin sweating, can trigger itching or make the symptoms worse; wearing fur, chemical fiber, rough underwear is also easy to stimulate the itching attack; the use of alkaline soap, contact with a variety of chemicals can also trigger the disease. 2, their own factors elderly skin and its appendages sebaceous glands, sweat glands and other atrophy, water content decreases, subcutaneous fat also becomes thin, dry skin, poor blood circulation, adaptability decreases, prone to itching by adverse stimuli. 3, dietary factors drinking alcohol, smoking, drinking strong tea, coffee, eating shrimp, crab, seafood, spicy food, etc. are often triggers, itching attacks are often difficult to stop, must be strong scratching, sometimes even with the help of instruments scratching, until the skin breaks and bleeds, feel pain, only to stop. Heavy people can sleep and eat restlessly, extremely painful, the itching subsides and then no feeling. 4, infection factors Parasitic infection can often cause limited itching, manifest around the anus, vulva itching, such as female itching and excessive leucorrhea, mostly related to Trichomonas vaginalis; anal itching is often related to pinworms, hemorrhoids, anal fistula and prostatitis; scrotal itching is mostly related to local sweating and friction. 5, other disease factors such as: allergic reactions, neurological dysfunction, diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, biliary tract disease, nephritis, tumors can cause pruritus. Pruritic manifestations can occur at the same time, but also from one place to another, the patient constantly scratching, the heavy can be due to long-term itching and scratching, secondary skin scratches, scabs, chaps, pigmentation, and even mossy lesions, pustulosis, and lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis.