Cervicitis is a common disease in women of childbearing age, and there are two types: acute and chronic. Acute cervicitis often coexists with acute endometritis or acute vaginitis, but chronic cervicitis is more common. The main manifestation is increased leucorrhea in the form of sticky mucus or purulent mucus, sometimes accompanied by blood or entrapped blood. Long-term chronic mechanical stimulation is the main cause of cervicitis. For example, frequent sexual intercourse or habitual abortion, childbirth and abortion can damage the cervix, leading to bacterial invasion and inflammation, or due to direct infection by septic bacteria, or high concentration of acidic or alkaline solution douching the vagina, or infection by foreign objects placed or left in the vagina. Chronic cervicitis is most often caused by pathogens invading the cervix after childbirth, miscarriage or surgical injury. Chronic cervicitis has many manifestations. The most common symptoms are cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical polyps, cervical glandular cysts, and endocervical endocarditis. Symptoms 1. Acute cervicitis: increased leucorrhea, purulent, with back pain and lower abdominal discomfort. 2, chronic cervicitis: leucorrhea, puffy white, mucus-like or leucorrhea with blood, or bleeding during intercourse, with vulvar itching, lumbosacral pain, aggravated during menstruation. 3. Signs: acute cervicitis, gynecological examination, cervical congestion, edema, tenderness; chronic cervicitis, gynecological examination, different degrees of cervical erosion, hypertrophy or polyps. Etiology Occurs after injury to the cervix due to childbirth, miscarriage or surgery. The main pathogens are 1) Sexually transmitted disease pathogens: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and mycoplasma chlamydia. 2) Endogenous pathogens: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria, etc. 3) Others: Trichomonas and ahmeeba among protozoa. Special cases are caused by chemicals and radiation. The dangers of cervicitis 1, cervical erosion can cause infertility When cervical erosion occurs, especially moderate and severe cervical erosion, the cervical secretions will be significantly increased, sticky in texture, and have a large number of white blood cells, which will adversely affect the sperm mobility and prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity, affecting conception. 2, cervical erosion leads to complications When suffering from cervical erosion, it can cause inflammation of other organs, such as: the pathogens of cervical erosion can cause endometritis upstream; it can cause chronic pelvic inflammation by spreading through the parametrial ligament and lymphatic vessels; when the inflammation spreads to the bladder triangle, it can cause urinary system diseases and irritating symptoms such as painful urination, frequent urination or difficulty in urination. 3, can cause deeper lesions Because of chronic inflammation long-term stimulation, can cause polyps, lacerations, ectopia and cysts and other deeper lesions. According to the analysis of gynecologists, the incidence of cervical cancer is nearly ten times higher in women with cervical erosion than in the general population. Under the stimulation of long-term chronic inflammation, atypical hyperplasia can occur in the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal, and if it is not treated correctly and in a timely manner, it will gradually develop in the direction of cervical precancer, because cervical erosion is often combined with HPV infection, which is one of the suspicious signals causing cervical cancer. This development process usually takes 5-10 years. Generally speaking, cervicitis alone does not pose much of a health risk, but often the symptoms of cervicitis, such as increased leucorrhea, back pain, and lower abdominal cramps, can affect a person’s mood, and from a cancer prevention perspective, cervicitis is closely related to cervical cancer. According to the cancer prevention survey, 0.39% of people without cervical erosion have cervical cancer, while 2.05% of people with celiac disease have cervical cancer. It means that active treatment of chronic cervicitis and active preventive measures are of great significance to protect women’s health and prevent cervical cancer. 5, cervicitis is also a cause of miscarriage, cervicitis makes tissue changes, elasticity decreases, will make the labor process is not smooth; serious cervicitis will also affect the sex life Treatment (1) physical therapy: including electric ironing, freezing, laser, infrared, LEEP knife, etc., for large erosion surface, inflammation diffuse deeper, generally once the treatment can be cured. (2) Drug therapy: Acute cervicitis can be treated with oral broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as cephalosporin antibiotics plus methotrexate. As well as some proprietary Chinese medicines for external use, interferon suppositories, etc. (3) Surgical treatment: cervical polyp removal is feasible for cervical polyps, cervical glandular cysts can be punctured to release fluid; cervical old lacerations and mucosal ectopia, cervical repair is feasible. LEEP knife for cervicitis LEEP knife technology is a series of high-frequency electric wave knives in different forms to treat various cervical lesions. This technology can continuously remove the high-risk area of cervical cancer and effectively prevent cervical cancer, using it, the operation is safe and effective, does not require hospitalization, has few complications, and can preserve complete and continuous specimens for pathological examination, significantly reducing the rate of misdiagnosis and leakage of cervical cancer. Indications for LEEP The indications for LEEP include four conditions under cytology and colposcopy (1) suspected CIN2,CIN3; (2) suspected early invasive carcinoma of the cervix or carcinoma in situ; (3) persistent CIN1 or inconvenient follow-up of CIN1 patients; (4) suspected ASCUS of the cervix or symptomatic cervical ectopia. The problem with LEEP treatment is that too much tissue is removed, and for prudence, this study proposes conization for ≥CIN2; biopsy for ASCUS and CIN1. In contrast, the indications for conventional electrosurgery include only the conditions (1) and (2) described above. LEEP scope Regarding the scope of LEEP surgery, according to the literature, lesions ≥2.5 cm should be coned, and the extent of coning should exceed normal tissue by 1 mm. based on the experience of CO2 laser treatment of CIN, it was found that the depth affected the cure rate, and the average depth of CIN involving cervical glands was 1.24 mm, and the deepest was 5.22 mm. the depth of laser treatment increased from 3 mm to 5 mm. The lesion cure rate also increased from 68% to 87%. In this study, the ideal depth of LEEP conization of the cervix is about 7 mm. According to the literature, a needle electrode was repeatedly inserted into the cervical canal up to 1.5 cm deep to destroy the lesions in the cervical canal, which improved the cure rate and reduced the lesion persistence rate to 2.7 %. The results suggest that LEEP conization for this range saves time, effort and safety compared to conventional electric knife conization. For LEEP biopsy, the results confirmed that a cervical depth of 4 mm and a cervical canal depth of 4 mm is superior to cervical forceps biopsy as it can achieve both diagnostic and therapeutic effects and avoid removing too much tissue. To prevent cervical erosion, the following points should be noted: 1, pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life, appropriate control of sexual life, firmly put an end to extramarital sex and avoid menstrual intercourse. 2, timely and effective contraceptive measures to reduce the abortion. The incidence of induced abortion to reduce the chance of man-made trauma and bacterial infection. 3, where the menstrual cycle is too short, menstrual period lasts longer, should be actively treated. 4.Prevent the instrument from damaging the cervix during delivery. 5.Cervical lacerations found after delivery should be sutured in time. 6.Regular gynecological examination so that cervical inflammation can be detected and treated in time.