Cardiovascular disease has become the first cause of death in urban and rural populations in China, and cardiovascular disease in China is characterized by a high incidence of stroke and a low incidence of coronary heart disease, but the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease have gradually increased in the last 20 years or so. In large cities with rapid economic development, such as Beijing, surveillance results showed that the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke tended to decrease from 1984 to 1999, while the incidence of ischemic stroke increased significantly, indicating that the incidence of ischemic cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke) based on atherosclerosis is increasing. The distribution of elevated serum TC and LDL-C rates was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas, higher in large cities than in small and medium-sized cities, and higher in affluent than in poor rural areas, which is closely related to the level of economic development, suggesting that the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia faces both challenges and opportunities during the economic transition period. The rate of elevated TC and LDL-C increases with age in both men and women, with a peak in the 50-69 age group and a slight decrease after the age of 70. Therefore, the key groups for lipid prevention and treatment are high living standard, middle-aged men and post-menopausal women. Humans have known about coronary atherosclerotic heart disease for more than 100 years, and with the deepening of research, although the cause of coronary heart disease still cannot be determined so far, it is certain that its causative risk factors are dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, age, gender, obesity, etc. Atherosclerosis is closely related to abnormal lipid metabolism, especially plasma LDL cholesterol plays an important role in the development and progression of the disease. Our cohort studies have shown that elevated total serum cholesterol or LDL cholesterol is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. For this reason, early attention must be given to the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia. At present, due to the national condition, the different degree of health awareness among people and the lack of attention to dyslipidemia by doctors, the rate of achieving the standard of dyslipidemia control is very low compared with that of foreign countries. This is in sharp contrast to the increase in the rate of dyslipidemia. As a manifestation of lipid metabolism disorder, lipid also belongs to metabolic diseases, but its damage to health is mainly in the cardiovascular system, leading to coronary heart disease and other atherosclerotic diseases. Therefore, lipid control is not only for those who already have coronary heart disease or atherosclerotic disease, but also for those who simply have elevated lipids. Regardless of the lipid level of patients with coronary artery disease, they should be treated with lipid-lowering therapy. A series of large-scale clinical studies since the 1990s have shown that statins have a significant effect on the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and can significantly reduce lethality. Both diabetic patients and hypertensive patients have benefited from this. The early use of drugs in acute coronary syndromes is safe and effective. The publication of clinical trial results in 2008 provided new evidence-based medicine to fully understand the nature of statins in the fight against atherosclerosis. The clinical benefits of statins are mainly due to the reduction of LDL-C levels, and the anti-inflammatory effects of statins. The inflammatory and lipid effects of atherosclerosis formation and progression may be fundamentally inseparable. Stabilization of plaque by statins may lie more in the anti-inflammatory effect, whereas reversal of plaque lies in the lipid-lowering effect. Thus, statins play a crucial role in the salvage of cardiovascular disease.