After thyroid nodule resection, patients’ vital signs should be observed and monitored to prevent postoperative complications and to strengthen nursing care. After thyroidectomy, the patient’s respiration, temperature, pulse and blood pressure should be closely monitored on the same day to prevent hyperthyroid crisis. If the pulse rate is too fast and the body temperature is elevated, adequate attention should be paid and drugs such as sodium phenobarbital and ibuprofen can be injected intramuscularly. If the patient has dyspnea, we should be alert to complications such as bleeding from the operation opening, hematoma compressing the trachea, and laryngeal edema. The patient should adopt semi-recumbent position after surgery, which is favorable for breathing and drainage of blood in the incision, and help the patient to expel sputum in time to keep the airway open. Postoperative patients with drainage devices should monitor the drainage flow, while daily dressing change should observe the patient’s incision recovery. Postoperative patients’ diet should be gradually transitioned from liquid diet, avoiding stimulating foods such as chili, hot pot, etc., and suggesting light and easy-to-digest diets such as egg custard, congee, fish soup and chicken soup. Regular postoperative thyroid function tests are also needed to guide whether thyroid hormone replacement therapy is needed after surgery. After thyroid nodule removal, physicians and nurses should strengthen monitoring and care to prevent complications.