Spongiform hemangioma, a non-genuine tumor, is a congenital vascular malformation and a special form of vascular malformation. As the name implies, it is sponge-like in structure and consists of sponge-like or honeycomb-like abnormal vascular masses whose vessel walls are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, lacking a muscular and elastic layer, and whose lumen is filled with blood, with no brain tissue between the vascular masses. The vascular masses may have several very small trophoblastic vessels supplying blood. The clinical manifestations of spongiform hemangioma are mostly headache, recurrent intracranial hemorrhage, and epilepsy. Since CT and MRI have been introduced, more and more patients with cavernous hemangioma have been diagnosed, and MRI is better than CT in diagnosing intracranial cavernous hemangioma. Treatment Surgical treatment of cavernous hemangioma is currently considered effective, especially for recurrent bleeding, seizures, or compression symptoms. The most common types of intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas are recurrent small amounts of hemorrhage within the lesion and chronic perifocal hemorrhage, which may be aggravated by hemorrhage but is rarely fatal. The proliferating glial and precipitated iron-containing hemosiderin around the lesion has a definite stimulating effect on the cortex and is the main cause of epilepsy; cavernous hemangioma itself does not cause epilepsy. For cavernous hemangioma with epilepsy as the main manifestation, not only the cavernous hemangioma but also the epileptogenic focus should be removed during surgery, which requires the use of magnetoencephalography and video EEG to determine the exact location of the epileptogenic focus, and also intraoperative cortical EEG monitoring to verify whether the preoperative determined epileptogenic focus is correct. To ensure that the epileptic focus is removed. Asymptomatic cavernous hemangiomas can be closely observed under physician guidance because the bleeding rate is <1% and even if bleeding occurs it does not cause severe neurological dysfunction. If the patient presents with refractory epilepsy, severe headache and bleeding, and progressive worsening of focal dysfunction then surgery should be performed. Gamma knife treatment of cavernous hemangioma has the risk of rebleeding, and some scholars believe that the efficacy of radiation therapy for such patients is not certain, and it is easy to induce new intracerebral cavernous hemangioma. Therefore, most neurosurgeons do not advocate gamma knife treatment for cavernous hemangioma.