The benefits of blood transfusions are well known to everyone. Since 1817, when an obstetrician in England pioneered blood transfusions to save a bleeding woman, blood transfusions have continued to play an important role in emergency measures to save critically ill patients for nearly 200 years. In order for the whole society to actively donate blood and give love. China has long regulated the management of blood products in the form of laws. The Law on Compulsory Blood Donation and the Measures on Blood Collection and Supply Institutions and Blood Management have been introduced one after another. It is true that many patients in clinical practice suffer from anemia for various reasons, and even crisis of life. The main reason is hemorrhagic anemia due to various causes of hemorrhage. The patient’s effective blood volume decreases in a short period of time and the oxygen-carrying capacity decreases drastically. Shock or circulatory failure occurs. In this case, blood transfusion to replenish blood volume is an essential life-saving measure. In some patients with chronic anemia, red blood cells are significantly reduced, oxygen-containing hemoglobin is insufficient, oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, and a series of symptoms of anemia appear. Such as weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, and heartbeat. Through blood transfusion, the red blood cells can be replenished, the hemoglobin content increased, and the oxygen-carrying capacity increased, thus improving the symptoms. In addition to replenishing red blood cells, blood transfusion can also replenish some clotting factors that are lacking in the body, thus reducing bleeding or stopping bleeding. In addition, blood transfusion can also improve the body’s resistance ability, increase immunity and improve the physical condition, so that the condition can be improved or cured faster. In addition to the above causes, there is a special type of anemia, clinically known as nephrogenic anemia. As the name implies, it is caused by kidney disease. Diseases such as chronic glomerulonephritis, renal failure and uremia reduce erythropoietin and inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis, leading to anemia. In uremia, the plasma may also contain some substances that interfere with erythropoiesis, which is a decrease in erythropoiesis. Patients with chronic renal failure often suffer from iron deficiency due to poor appetite, disturbance of coagulation mechanism and chronic blood loss in the gastrointestinal tract, which often leads to insufficient intake or excessive loss of iron. In addition to iron, there is also loss of folic acid, vitamins and proteins, infections affecting the efficacy of erythropoietin, etc., which can cause anemia. So can a patient with chronic renal failure uremia who has severe anemia receive repeated blood transfusions? We say that blood is an essential substance for the human body and the components within the blood are beneficial to the body, however, after blood is collected from the donor, a series of changes can occur in the components of the blood. Such as cell deformation, increased brittleness, prone to hemolysis, about 1% daily damage to red blood cells; blood white blood cells can only be preserved for 3-5 days; platelets are easy to coagulate and destroy, which is reduced within 24 hours and all destroyed after 5 days; coagulation factors are gradually lost in the process of preservation; blood kept in the blood bank for a long time, blood potassium concentration is also significantly higher. And careless blood transfusion can increase the chance of infection, such as hepatitis virus, AIDS virus, etc.; it can also increase the burden on the heart and induce congestive heart failure; it can also occur transfusion reactions, such as fever, allergic reactions, and in serious cases, hemolytic reactions, which can endanger life. Patients with uremia can inhibit the secretion of erythropoietin and inhibit the hematopoietic function of bone marrow if they receive long-term, repeated and large transfusions of whole blood or red blood cells. In other words, due to exogenous transfusion, it can only be given passively, failing to bring into play the body’s own positive factors and instead increasing the barrier. Each unit of blood contains about 200 mg of iron. When an excessive amount of blood is transfused and the iron content is over-saturated, it is deposited in various parts of the body, causing abnormalities in the skin, liver, heart, etc. The red blood cell and hemoglobin content decreases instead. It is anemia that cannot be corrected. Other people’s blood enters the body and is likely to act as an antigen, causing the body to produce the corresponding antibodies. The input blood source is complicated, but instead, the antibodies in the body increase. The increase of such antibodies makes it very easy for the transplanted kidney to have an immune reaction, leading to acute rejection and transplant failure. This makes it difficult to choose a kidney donor for future transplantation and delays the implementation of kidney transplantation. Therefore, patients with chronic renal failure and uremia should not undergo repeated, multiple or large transfusions. It is necessary to treat the primary disease on the basis of comprehensive treatment. For example, adequate amount of erythropoietin, generally patients should reach 150~200U/kg.w, the effect should appear in the fourth week, and the hemoglobin can reach the predetermined target value in 8~12 weeks. It is also necessary to enhance nutrition with iron, folic acid and vitamin supplementation.