Case: 17-year-old high school student Xiao Li’s menstruation has been particularly messy in recent years, each time delayed for more than 10 days, the amount is also small, and dripping old unclean, her mother took her to the doctor. After examination, the doctor found that Xiao Li’s body mass index reached 31.5, abdominal fat fat, abdominal circumference of 92 cm. Both overeating and dieting can lead to menstrual disorders. Overeating can lead to female obesity, and long-term obesity can cause endocrine and metabolic disorders in the body, thus causing menstrual disorders. In addition to poor lifestyle habits, neuroendocrine dysfunction, organic lesions or medications can also cause menstrual disorders, so it is important to pay attention to them and find the exact cause. Does the dark color of menstruation mean irregular menstruation? Menstruation is actually the peeling off of the endometrial lining of the uterus in response to estrogen produced by the ovaries. Normal menstruation includes 4 indicators: normal menstrual cycle, normal menstrual period, normal menstrual volume and normal physiological response. Any abnormality in any of the above elements is considered as menstrual abnormality. Some patients are always worried: “My menstruation is dark, is it an irregularity?” Actually, the color of menstrual blood is not a factor in determining whether menstruation is normal or not. If the bleeding is heavy and the blood stays in the vagina for a short time, the color is reddish. If the bleeding is low and the blood stays in the vagina for a long time, it will naturally turn black. This is because the blood contains a lot of iron, which turns black under the acidic environment of the vagina. So from a Western medical point of view, the color of menstrual blood doesn’t mean much. Do not think that irregular menstruation is a minor illness and not pay attention to it. Menstruation is the result of many factors. Once menstruation is abnormal, we should be alert: 1. Long-term excessive menstruation and irregular uterine bleeding can lead to blood loss anemia, dizziness, weakness, panic and palpitations. 2, organic lesions such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps and other causes of menstrual disorders, if not treated in a timely manner will lead to aggravation and deterioration of the condition. 3.Menstrual disorders or leading to anovulation is one of the causes of infertility. Some patients who ovulate but have insufficient ovarian luteal function can also cause infertility. 4, affect the physical and mental health of women, may lead to skin discoloration, roughness, dullness, decreased energy, and even irritability and other abnormal phenomena. There are three reasons for menstrual disorders The main causes of menstrual disorders are the following three aspects: 1, neuroendocrine dysfunction causes menstrual disorders, mainly because the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis is unstable or defective. Menstruation is governed and regulated by the “hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis”, and defects in the function of this axis may lead to menstrual disorders. 2, organic lesions or drug effects caused by menstrual disorders. Some organic lesions such as endometrial hyperplasia, adenomyosis, submucosal fibroids, cervical lesions, abnormal development of reproductive organs can cause irregular bleeding from the uterus; local inflammation of reproductive organs, other endocrine dysfunctions such as thyroid and adrenal cortical abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, Silhan’s disease, etc. In addition, liver disorders, blood disorders, the use of psychiatric drugs, endocrine agents or the use of Menstrual disorders may occur in people who use intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception. Certain professions such as long-distance runners are prone to amenorrhea. 3, bad habits cause menstrual disorders. People with abnormal weight, whether too fat or too thin, are prone to menstrual disorders. In addition, many bad habit factors such as abnormal emotions and addiction to alcohol and tobacco may also lead to menstrual disorders. Individualized treatment for the cause Since the causes of menstrual disorders are multiple, individualized treatment should be given for each cause. For menstrual disorders diagnosed as neuroendocrine dysfunction, different treatment plans should be used depending on the severity of the condition and the patient’s specific situation. For organic lesions such as uterine fibroids and endometrial polyps, surgical treatment should be performed for the primary cause. For patients with menstrual cycle disorders, different treatment options are needed depending on the age of the patient. Menstrual disorders in adolescent girls can be treated with estrogen and progesterone to mimic ovarian function, while menstrual disorders in women of childbearing age and menopause must be treated for different etiologies after excluding organic lesions in the vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. Patients with bleeding and anemia, which are caused by long periods and heavy menstrual flow, can be treated with hormones or scraping to stop the bleeding, as appropriate, in addition to general measures to stop the bleeding.