A protrusion or displacement of an organ or tissue through a normal or abnormal cavity or weakness in the body is called a hernia, and the most prominent manifestation is the presence of a mass that can vary in size. Hernias can occur anywhere in the body. By location, they can include brain hernias, esophageal hiatal hernias, diaphragmatic hernias, muscle hernias, pelvic floor hernias, and ventral hernias, with ventral hernias being the most common. Depending on the site, extra-abdominal hernias include inguinal hernias, umbilical hernias, white line hernias, and abdominal incisional and parastomal hernias. Before we talk specifically about abdominal wall hernias, let’s understand the layers of the abdominal wall. The abdominal wall consists of several layers of tissue, including skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscle, and peritoneum, which together resist the pressure in the abdominal cavity. In the inguinal region, near the median line of the abdominal wall, at the umbilicus or where there is no muscle or where the muscle is particularly weak, it becomes a high incidence of hernia. There are several common types of hernias: 1. Inguinal hernia: is a hernia that occurs in the inguinal region. This type of hernia is the most common and can be found from newborn babies to the elderly. If you are lucky enough to live to be 100 years old, then you will have a one-in-three chance of getting an inguinal hernia. The inguinal region is a small area above the base of the thighs where there is no muscle layer and where the abdominal wall is weakest. The three types of hernias that occur here are hiatal, ventral and femoral. These three types of hernias can occur individually or in combination. They can be either unilateral or bilateral. The pathogenesis of the three types of inguinal hernias is basically the same and the surgical approach is also basically the same. The specific clinical manifestations and surgical methods will be carefully described below. 2. Umbilical hernia: It refers to the large omentum or small intestine in the abdominal cavity bulging out from the belly button and the navel bulging out of the belly, forming a hemispherical mass that can sometimes disappear after lying down. Umbilical hernia is mostly seen in infants and young children because their umbilical rings are not fully grown and there is a possibility of self-healing as they grow up. It can also be seen in women after childbirth, as a sacrifice they make to carry their offspring. Another is that patients with a large amount of ascites can also develop umbilical hernias, and they are often very large, and many patients can even break down and become infected. 3. White line hernia: The fascia in the middle of the human abdominal wall heals into a line and looks very white, so anatomically it is called a white line. The contents of the abdominal cavity or extra-peritoneal fat break through the white line to the subcutaneous is a white line hernia. It is mostly seen in fat women. 4, abdominal incisional hernia, parastomal hernia: as the name suggests, it is a hernia that appears below the surgical incision and next to the stoma, and most of the protruding ones are small intestine and large omentum.