Epilepsy is a very specific disease and many factors can cause seizures. Whether it is medication, surgery, or emergency treatment in case of seizures is extremely complex. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. It is a brain dysfunction caused by recurrent abnormal neuronal discharges in the brain, and each seizure and epileptic discharge causes brain cell damage, high disability rate, and prone to accidental injury or death, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients and is a huge burden to families and society. The prevalence of epilepsy in China is about 0.7%, and there are now about 9 million patients with epilepsy, with an annual increase of about 400,000 new cases. Although 70%-80% of patients can control seizures through antiepileptic drug therapy, there are still 20%-30% of patients who cannot control seizures despite standard antiepileptic drug therapy, and become drug-refractory epilepsy, requiring surgical treatment. The principles of drug treatment: 1. The diagnosis and type of epilepsy should be clear. 2. Standardize and rationalize the use of medication under the guidance of a specialist. 3, individualized medication for the type of epilepsy 4. regular drug concentration testing. The purpose of surgical treatment is to remove the epileptogenic focus, eliminate and control seizures, and maximize the patient’s ability to return to normal life and work. Indications for surgical treatment are: drug-refractory epilepsy and secondary epilepsy due to various causes including: temporal lobe epilepsy, gray matter ectopic, secondary epilepsy due to parasites and various tumors, and traumatic epilepsy. Some refractory epilepsies can be cured radically by craniotomy. For patients with generalized seizures, epilepsy of multifocal or multipoint origin, and epilepsy syndromes that cannot be treated with craniotomy to remove the epileptic foci, they can be treated with the latest deep electrical stimulation (DBS, brain pacemaker) or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) techniques that allow seizures to be controlled and mitigated to some extent. The key to surgical treatment of epilepsy: is an adequate and careful evaluation to accurately identify the epileptic focus. The main evaluation and examination methods are: long-range video EEG monitoring and MRI. PET/SPECT and magnetoencephalography (MEG) as well as intracranial electrode embedding are performed as needed. The patient with epilepsy needs to pay attention to: 1, adhere to long-term, regular medication, can not add, reduce or stop medication on their own. If a rash or itchy allergic reaction occurs on the body during medication, stop the medication immediately and seek medical attention. 3.Living and resting regularly, not overworked, to ensure adequate sleep. 4. Quit smoking and alcohol. Do not drink cola, coffee, strong tea and other beverages. Do not eat wormwood, ginseng and other tonic products and some stimulating food. 5, avoid working at height, swimming, driving and other dangerous work to avoid accidents. First aid measures in case of seizure: When the patient has a general convulsion, the patient’s family or rescuer will lay him/her flat to avoid falls. Untie the patient’s collar and trouser belt so that he or she can breathe freely. At the same time, before the patient’s mouth is tightly closed, quickly roll the handkerchief, gauze, etc. into a roll and place it between the patient’s upper and lower teeth to prevent biting the tongue when the teeth are tightly closed. The rescuer or family member should always be at the patient’s side to wipe away the patient’s vomit at any time to prevent suffocation. When the patient is convulsing, do not forcefully press the limb to avoid injuries such as ligament tears, joint dislocations, or even fractures. Do not use the rescue methods of acupuncture and acupressure on the human middle point. Do not pour ice water on the patient.