Urology, as an early branch of surgery, is mainly due to the development of sophisticated instruments capable of visualizing the internal cavity. Since the urinary system is a system of tubes connected to the outside world through the urethra, it provided convenient conditions for the development of various scopic devices and techniques, relying on various scopes urologists can examine and diagnose and treat the entire urinary system through the urethra. Therefore, urology became the first discipline to apply minimally invasive techniques. In recent years, due to the rapid development of modern science and technology, the type, quality and function of minimally invasive urological equipment are becoming more and more perfect, and the indications for minimally invasive surgery are expanding and the complications are gradually decreasing, so many hospitals with conditions have carried out such surgery and achieved good results. Minimally invasive methods have been used in 60% of our urological surgeries, mainly including minimally invasive urological surgeries using natural cavities and minimally invasive urological surgeries using artificial cavities. There are also new minimally invasive devices and techniques that are being developed or will soon be put into clinical use. Minimally invasive urological procedures using the natural cavity 1. Transurethral electrical resection of the prostate (TURP, TUVP) TURP, TUVP is the most classic minimally invasive prostate surgery. It is still the gold standard for the treatment of prostate enlargement. Although transurethral green laser and holmium laser prostate enucleation and plasma prostate bipolar electrosurgery have emerged in the last decade or so, they cannot replace transurethral prostate electrosurgery, and TURP and TUVP have accumulated the most experience, are the most mature, and are most widely used. The most common method is to perform the electrosurgery of the prostate. It has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. 2. Transurethral bladder tumor electrosurgery and internal urethral stricture dissection. It not only has the advantages of less damage and faster recovery, but also will not cause tumor abdominal wall implantation, and repeated surgery does not increase the difficulty, and is suitable for superficial and low grade bladder tumors. For short segment urethral strictures with lesion length less than 3cm, transurethral resection can also be used. Generally, a guidewire or ureteral catheter is inserted first for guidance, and a cold knife is used to make a radial incision at about 12 points on the dorsal side of the urethra to enlarge the channel so that the electroscope can enter the bladder freely, and then the scar can be removed appropriately. We perform about 100 cases of this type of surgery each year. 3. Transurethral bladder stone lithotripsy. Changing the history of open surgery for stone extraction, we use two sets of equipment, vigorous lithotripter and ballistic lithotripter, which can solve almost all bladder stones. We have completely changed the history of open surgery for stone extraction. 4.Transurethral ureteroscopy is available. Diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract diseases. Rigid ureteroscopy is easier to put in, more directional, with larger operation holes for easy operation. Semi-rigid ureteroscope ureteral insertion part is rigid, but the receiving ophthalmoscope can be bent, which is easier to operate. The bendable ureteroscope makes up for the shortcomings of incomplete observation of rigid ureteroscope, which can be inserted not only into the ureter but also into the renal pelvis and calyces, and can be used to diagnose and treat diseases in these areas, but the short service life limits its wide application. Diagnosis is mainly applicable to upper urinary tract bleeding, filling defect or obstruction that remains unexplained through other imaging examinations, in addition to unilateral carnal hematuria of unknown cause and unilateral positive urocytology, or some follow-up after treatment of upper urinary tract tumors. 5.Transurethral ureteroscopic treatment. In terms of treatment, it can be used for ureteral stones, ureteral and renal pelvis tumors, and foreign body removal in ureteropelvis. In the past, ureteral tumors usually required open surgery. With the development of ureteroscopy technology, certain tumors in the ureteral lumen can be diagnosed through ureteroscopy and treated with laser. Ureteroscopy for benign ureteral strictures is also a major advancement in endoluminal urology, with methods including balloon or hydro bladder dilation, stent placement in the stricture segment, and endotomy (electrodesiccation, cold knife, laser). Last year we reached 300 cases of ureteroscopy. Minimally invasive urological procedures using artificial channels In addition to using natural channels, urology can also create some artificial channels for diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases, such as percutaneous renal puncture channels for lithotripsy and lithotripsy of kidney stones, percutaneous puncture Trocar channels to establish artificial retroperitoneal cavity or artificial pneumoperitoneum for various laparoscopic procedures. 1. Percutaneous renal puncture lithotripsy for stone extraction. The history of percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be traced back to the 1940s. after 1980s, with the widespread development of radiology, ultrasound and CT technologies in the clinic, the continuous improvement of intracavitary equipment and the accumulation of clinical experience, the scope of surgery has been expanded, and in addition to simple kidney and upper urinary tract stones, full deerstalker kidney stones that are difficult to deal with in open surgery, residual stones after surgery and hydronephrosis, upper urinary tract complicated cases such as post-operative urinary leakage can be treated by intracavitary techniques such as percutaneous nephrostomy. Subsequently, percutaneous nephrostomy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, multi-channel percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, dilated percutaneous renal channel (percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in F14-F16 dilator) and the more simple and practical minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (MPCNL) have been proposed, which have led to the rapid development of endoluminal urology techniques. Since the introduction of percutaneous nephrolithoscopy in our department last year, there have been more than 100 cases. 2.Laparoscopic urological surgery. The development of laparoscopy has a century of history, it is developed from the field of urology on the basis of cystoscopy. With the continuous improvement of surgical methods and the increasing perfection of laparoscopic technology, most of the resection and reconstruction surgeries in urology can be done laparoscopically, which makes most urological patients suffer less from the traditional open surgery. The application of laparoscopy in urology ranges from simpler renal cyst debulking, high varicocele ligation and cryptorchidism exploration to adrenal gland surgery, radical nephrectomy, pyeloplasty, radical prostatectomy, total cystectomy, partial nephrectomy and removal of living donor kidney. Laparoscopic urological surgery has transabdominal and retroperitoneal paths, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In 2008, we also took the lead in carrying out laparoscopic urological surgery in Anyang and achieved good results, especially laparoscopic adrenal tumor resection has become a routine operation. At present, our department has listed it as a key development technique to further push the posterior laparoscopic and laparoscopic surgery to a new level. So that more and more patients can get the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. 3. Minimally invasive urological surgery using robot operation. In recent years, the rapid development of video technology, computers, machine simulation technology, “robot” surgery is fast coming into our vision. However, because of the expensive equipment, only in a few strong hospitals to carry out.