Mediastinal abscess can be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics such as cefadroxil and ceftazidime, or metronidazole if coinfected with anaerobic bacteria. 1. Broad-spectrum antibiotics: Cefadroxil, ceftazidime and other broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against most gram-positive and negative bacteria. The mechanism of action is to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, inhibit bacterial division and growth, leading to bacterial lysis and death. It is contraindicated for those who are allergic to cephalosporins and used with caution for those who are allergic to penicillin. Discontinuation is recommended for adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting and skin rash. 2. Anti-anaerobic drugs: Metronidazole can inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis, interfere with bacterial growth and reproduction, and promote bacterial death. Metronidazole can inhibit anaerobic bacteria such as Bacillus fragilis and Clostridium perfringens. It is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, and is promptly discontinued when neurological symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, and sensory abnormalities occur, and when skin allergies such as urticaria and pruritus occur. When mediastinal abscess is found, it is recommended that patients go to regular hospitals for treatment, and use antibiotics reasonably according to the doctor’s instructions. Do not self-medicate, so as to avoid other adverse reactions, aggravate the condition and miss the rescue treatment.