Thoracentesis placement is mainly for the treatment of pleural effusion and can also facilitate the administration of drugs through an indwelling drainage tube. After placement, care should be taken to keep the drainage tube open, and if a deep venous catheter is used for placement, heparin should be injected into the indwelling intravenous tube after aspiration of pleural fluid to prevent blockage. If the drainage is open or via a drainage bag, the patient should be advised to perform deep breathing exercises and to squeeze the drainage tube to keep it open or under a certain pressure. The drainage tube is prone to secondary infection, so during the treatment period, anti-infective drugs should be applied, mainly broad-spectrum ceftriaxone, and the patient should be advised to increase dietary nutrition and eat more high-protein foods to promote recovery and prevent local infections and other complications.